New alternatives for sustainable integrated managements: agronomic and microbial aspects of maize after cultivation of sun mushroom in field

Author(s)

Lucas da Silva Alves

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Jaboticabal. 2022-01-14.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias. Jaboticabal
• Defense date: 2021-12-16
• Advisor: Diego Cunha Zied

Abstract

Maize is one of the crops with relevance on the world stage. However, when comparing possible crop yields with the national reality, it is noted that technological advances are needed, which promote low environmental impact and profitability in small areas, especially in the family farming sector. Thus, intercropping management between crops becomes a great option to meet this need, which he cites management of corn in succession to mushroom production. This management may be efficient in reducing mineral fertilization and the use of soil conditioners necessary for corn production, in addition to increasing the cultivable microbial community and, consequently, the endophytic microbial abundance. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the integrated management of Mushroom Sun-maize as an option for sustainable cultivation, and whether the different managements interfere in the soil microbial and endophytic community. It also aimed to evaluate the biotechnological potential of endophytic fungi obtained during cultivation. The experiment took place in two crops (1st and 2nd cycle), in a continuous system (mushroom-corn-corn), after the harvest of Mushroom of the Sun. The experiments consisted of a double factorial (2 x 4), being: gypsum (presence and absence) and fertility management (control treatment, post-grow area of 'SMS' mushroom, post-grow area of mushroom + 'SMS+S' sowing fertilization, post-grow mushroom area + sowing fertilization + topdressing ' SMS+S+CB'). The chemical attributes of the soil and leaves (macronutrients and organic matter), the productive aspects of corn during cultivation, the microbiological characteristics of the soil (colony-forming unit (CFU) of the soil and rhizosphere), and endophytic (frequency of colonization) were evaluated endophytic root and leaf). In the end, some fungi were selected to evaluate in vitro biotechnological potential (pathogenicity test, mycelial growth, and pairing with the pathogen Fusarium sp.) The results showed that, despite the low levels of macronutrients found in the leaves and soil cultivated under the area after mushroom cultivation, it is possible to reuse these areas. SMS+S+CB was more efficient than the control in providing shoot dry matter (MSPA), and this condition can be an alternative for a mushroom-corn circular crop. SMS+S achieved yields and MSPA not significantly different compared to the control, a relevant circumstance for the producer due to the costs and impacts caused by top dressing. Gypsum application did not show relevant productive increments. For the microbial aspects evaluated, fertilizers and gypsum application were harmful to soil CFU in the 1st cycle, rhizosphere CFU showed less microbial fluctuation during harvests than soil CFU, and corn sowing in post-cultivation areas was shown to be a rich source for the elevation of endophytic microorganisms, specifically root endophytic fungi. Isolates I08, I20, I29, and I36 showed interesting results of mycelial growth and inhibition of Fusarium sp. in addition to being non-pathogenic. Concluded that, under the conditions carried out in this experiment, it is possible to produce maize after the cultivation of Mushroom of the Sun, however, fertilization becomes essential to reduce nutrient losses. Fertilization and plastering influence the CFU of the soil, and the reuse of areas increases the endophytic microbiota of maize. Isolates I08, I20, I29, and I36 have biotechnological potential to be explored. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/19866-4 - New alternatives for sustainable integrated systems: agronomic and microbial aspects of maize after cultivation of sun mushroom in field
• Grantee: Lucas da Silva Alves
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master