Delimitação de espécies, filogeografia comparativa e conectividade de Peracarida (Crustacea: Eumalacostraca) associados a Sargassum no Brasil com ênfase em populações insulares

Author(s)

Tammy Iwasa Arai

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia
• Defense date: 2022-12-16

Examining board members

Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite; Vera Nisaka Solferini; André Victor Lucci Freitas; Cristiana Silveira Serejo

• Advisor: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite; Sónia Cristina da Silva Andrade

Abstract

The crustacean superorder Peracarida are characterized by the lack of larval phase and, consequently, they usually present low dispersion rates that lead to high endemicity rates. Among the most diverse peracarid crustaceans are the orders Amphipoda, Isopoda and Tanaidacea, which are also the most abundant and diverse groups associated to macroalgae. Despite their low dispersion rate, surface currents could help to them to disperse by displacing patches of floating Sargassum, and taking exotic species to other macrophytes beds. Biogeographic and phylogeographic studies using Peracarida in Brazil are yet scarce and mostly absent in continental and oceanic islands. This dissertation’s main goal is to understand and recover the evolutive history of Peracarida species associated to macroalgae, using different taxonomic levels with morphological and molecular approaches. This is the first phylogeographic study of Peracarida in Brazilian islands, and aims to contribute to the knowledge on distribution and evolution in some of the main Crustacea groups. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the tanaidacean genus Synapseudes, it was observed the origin of the ancestral species in the Indo-Pacific region, with posterior dispersion to the Atlantic Ocean. This pattern was also found in the amphipod family Ampithoidae, in which the new proposed genus Foscampithoe gen. nov. dispersed to the Atlantic and herein diversified. The specific evolutionary histories of Ampithoe marcuzzii and Chondrochelia dubia suggest two species complexes, with partial congruence between them. While the A. marcuzzii complex presented a continent-island separation shaped by abiotic variables, C. dubia showed higher connectivity among localities (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/00488-7 - Species delimitation, comparative phylogeography and conectivity of Peracarida (Crustacea: Eumalacostraca) associated with Sargassum in Brazil with emphasis on insular populations
• Grantee: Tammy Iwasa Arai
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate