Relationship between paternal overweight and diet with neonatal anthropometry and adiposity in a clinical trial of nutritional counseling with overweight pregnant women

Author(s)

Mariana Rinaldi Carvalho

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2024-06-28

Examining board members

Daniela Saes Sartorelli; Michele Drehmer; Bárbara Hatzlhoffer Lourenço; Fernando Bellissimo Rodrigues

• Advisor: Daniela Saes Sartorelli

Abstract

Studies suggest that paternal anthropometry and diet influence child health outcomes. However, this knowledge remains limited, as it is mostly derived from animal experimental studies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between paternal overweight and diet with neonatal anthropometry and adiposity in a clinical trial of nutritional counseling. The present study is a prospective cohort nested within a controlled randomized clinical trial conducted among overweight pregnant women receiving prenatal care in Ribeirão Preto, SP health units. After the inclusion of pregnant women, their respective partners were invited to participate. Paternal data were obtained through a structured questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were taken during the interview. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were obtained through standardized protocols, and neonatal adiposity was estimated using a predictive anthropometric model. The paternal diet was estimated through two 24-hour dietary recalls using the \"multiple-pass\" methodology. Diet fat quality was estimated using five indices: omega-3/omega-6 ratio, polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio (P/S), diet atherogenicity index (AI), diet thrombogenicity index (TI), and the ratio of hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (h/H). Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption was estimated using the NOVA classification and expressed as the total energy intake percentage (E%). Adjusted multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the effect of paternal body mass index (BMI), paternal waist circumference (WC), and E% of UPF in paternal diet on neonatal anthropometry and adiposity. Pearson\'s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between paternal BMI and WC with neonatal anthropometric measurements and adiposity. An inverse relationship was found between paternal BMI and birth head circumference [β= -0,07 (IC95% -0,156; -0.001) p= 0,04]. It was found an inverse correlation between the P/S ratio and thigh skinfold (r = -0.30; p= 0.04), and a direct relationship between AI ratio with baby waist circumference (r = 0.30; p= 0.02) and % body fat (r = 0.26; p= 0.04). In adjusted linear regression models, a direct association was observed between UPF E% and supra-iliac skinfold thickness [β =0.02 (95%CI 0.004; 0.039) p=.01]. The BMI, and paternal diet quality influence newborn anthropometry and adiposity. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 21/06586-3 - Relationship between the paternal characteristics and child anthropometry from birth to the first year of life in a clinical trial of nutritional intervention
• Grantee: Mariana Rinaldi Carvalho
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate