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| Author(s): |
Juliana Neves Rodrigues
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2002-06-27 |
| Examining board members: |
Luiz Antonio Gioielli;
Suzana Caetano da Silva Lannes;
Carmen Cecilia Tadini
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| Advisor: | Luiz Antonio Gioielli |
| Field of knowledge: | Agronomical Sciences - Food Science and Technology |
| Indexed in: | Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP-DEDALUS; Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações - USP |
| Location: | Universidade de São Paulo. Biblioteca do Conjunto das Químicas; CQ T/664.3; R696r |
| Abstract | |
Consumer is becoming increasingly aware of the dependence of human health on proper nutrition, what has impelled researches in the field of functional foods and its effects on human metabolism. Fats are an important component of the diet, but ocidental diet can not be considered balanced as for the type of fat consumed. Saturated fats are consumed in great amounts, what can lead to cardiovascular diseases, the main death cause in Brazil. The consumption of butter, which principal component is milkfat, has been declining due to milkfats high degree of saturation, although it has a very pleasant flavor and is very appreciated by consumer. Besides, margarine appeared as a substitute that presents more spreadability at refrigeration temperature. The objective of this study was to develop a blend based on milkfat, that keeps the inherent qualities of butter but presents better spreadability and higher contents of w-6 fatty acids. Milkfat was blended with corn oil, a vegetable oil that contains high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the blends were submitted to chemical interesterification. The interactions between the two fats before and after interesterification were evaluated. The blends were analyzed as for free fatty acids, fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition, iodine and saponification values, softening point, consistency, solid fat content, crystallization kinetics, crystalline structure, and fractal dimension. Sodium methoxide (0,5% w/w) was used as catalyst for chemical interesterification. The reaction was undertaken at 65-70ºC for one hour. Structured lipids containing up to 22% of polyunsaturated fatty acids were obtained with the addition of up to 40% of corn oil to milkfat, which originally had only about 2%. The coefficients related to the interactions between the two fats were always negative for consistency and solid fat content, revealing an antagonistic effect, characteristic of monotectic interactions between fats. The blend containing 70% of milkfat and 30% of corn oil presented good plasticity for a spread. This property was improved by interesterification. The addition of corn oil did not cause substantial changes on the crystalline structure of milkfat, but only decreased the content of crystallized fat. (AU) | |