Biosynthesis and degradation of fructans in differents regions of the rhizophores of Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby (asteraceae)

Author(s)

Maria Teresa Portes

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Piracicaba. , ilustrações.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2005-08-25

Examining board members

Maria Angela Machado de Carvalho; Lazaro Eustaquio Pereira Peres; Rita de Cássia Leone Figueiredo Ribeiro

• Advisor: Maria Angela Machado de Carvalho
• Field of knowledge: Biological Sciences - Botany
• Indexed in: Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP-DEDALUS; Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações - USP
• Location: Universidade de São Paulo. Biblioteca Central da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz; ESALQ-BC/t581.19248 85913; P849b

Abstract

Vernonia herbacea, Asteraceae, bears branched underground reserve organs, rhizophores, that accumulate inulin-type fructans as reserve carbohydrates. Fructans are fructose polymers, that are synthesized by SST (sucrose: sucrose fructosyltransferase) and FFT (fructan:fructan frutosyltransferase) and mobilized by FEH (fructan exohydrolase). Plants of this species enter dormancy at the end of autumn, with senescence and abscission of the aerial organs and sprout in the following spring; flowering occurs subsequently followed by a period of vegetative growth in the summer. The concentration and composition of fructans vary during the phenological cycle of the plants. Considering this variation in fructans, and the positive geotropic growth of the rhizophores, with the apex presenting younger tissues (distal region) and the resprouting of the new aerial organs occurring in the opposite end of the organ (proximal region), close to the soil surface, the aim of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution of fructans and fructan metabolizing enzymes in the different regions of the rhizophores (distal, median and proximal) in plants of Vernonia herbacea in different developmental phases and plants induced to sprouting by the excision of the aerial organs. These parameters were also analyzed in intact plants in the vegetative phase and in excised plants, kept in natural environmental conditions or in low temperature. In general SST and FFT presented higher activities in plants in the vegetative phase, while FEH presented higher activity during sprouting, either under natural or induced sprouting and in plants under low temperature. Concerning the spatial distribution of the enzyme activities, SST and FFT presented higher activity in the distal region, decreasing towards the proximal region of the rhizophores. The FEH, on the other hand, presented higher activity in the proximal region, decreasing towards the distal region. In general, the content of fructo-oligosaccharides in the phenological phases studied was higher in the distal region and decreased towards the proximal region of the rhizophores. Low temperature led to a higher proportion of fructo-oligosaccharides, while in plants induced to sprouting the proportion of fructo-polysaccharides was higher. The lower values of average degree of polymerization (DP) of fructans chains were detected in the distal region. This indicates that fructan chain length in younger tissues is shorter then that characteristic of the species. Higher values of mean DP were detected in the proximal region and even higher DP was detected in this region in sprouting plants and in plants under low temperature, coinciding with the higher FEH activity detected in these conditions. These results suggest a mechanism of action for the FEH in V. herbacea of the "single chain" type, in which a molecule of the enzyme binds to the fructan chain degrading it completely before binding to the next fructan molecule. These studies allowed us to draw several conclusions regarding the mechanism of action of enzymes involved in the metabolism of fructans in Vernonia herbacea and regarding the dynamics of distribution of these carbohydrates and the related enzymes in different phases of development and in adverse conditions for plant development. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 02/11227-1 - Biosynthesis and degradation of fructans in different regions of the rhizophores of Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby
• Grantee: Maria Teresa Portes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master