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| Author(s): |
Oscar Javier Celis Ariza
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Química |
| Defense date: | 2012-05-12 |
| Examining board members: |
Rubens Maciel Filho;
Ana Clelia Ferreira;
Otavio Cavalett;
Paula Sbaite;
Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende
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| Advisor: | Rubens Maciel Filho |
| Abstract | |
A better use of petroleum residues obtained by atmospheric or vacuum distillation has stimulated the research for new processes in order to transform these fractions of low commercial value into high value products, such as gasoline and LPG. The thermal cracking (viscobreaking, delayed coking) or fluid catalytic cracking (FCC, hydrocracking) has been part of kind of processes used world widely. However, the main challenge is to find new techniques that facilitate the production of these high-value fractions. One of the disadvantages in the above processes has been the high energy consumption to reach the initial temperature of the hydrocarbon reactions. For this reason, a new technique of rapid thermal cracking of these fractions was developed. The technique proposed consists in use a CO2 laser system with optical scanner to focus and driving the laser beam directly into the petroleum residue in order to crack the hydrocarbons through the thermal energy (heat), which is generated by the laser/petroleum interaction. Therefore, in this thesis, an experimental and simulation studies to evaluate the best laser operational conditions (laser power, scanning speed and number of scans) were proposed. Experimental tests have been employed for an atmospheric residue called ETA and for one of its residues obtained by molecular distillation. Specifically, the gas fraction yield (C1-C4, CO, CO2 and H2), liquid fraction yield (atmospheric, light, heavy and super heavy gas oils) and molar mass distribution of the products were determinated. In order to improve the research, a thermophysical characterization of the residues (by experimental data or empirical models) was developed. This part was an important topic to simulate the temperature distribution within the petroleum residue and it was performed by the commercial computational tool ANSYS CFX 13.0®. It was shown by both simulation and experimental data that a maximization of atmospheric and light gas oil yields (respectively, 10 and 2 times more in comparison with the not irradiated sample) was obtained and further a minimization of heavy gas oil yield. These results have been obtained at the best operational condition of laser of CO2, such as: power beam 41,5W, scanning speed of 0,6 m/s and number of scans of 8. A maximum conversion of 25% was obtained for the molecular residue ETA but with short time instant atmospheric pressure. Moreover, according to the conversion degree, the new thermal cracking technique of heavy petroleum fractions by laser radiation can be classified near to the viscobreaking technique (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 08/08310-0 - DEVELOPMENT OF RADIATION-THERMAL CRACKING OF HEAVY AND ULTRA HEAVY OIL RESIDUES VIA LASER OF CO2 |
| Grantee: | Oscar Javier Celis Ariza |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |