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| Author(s): |
Maruska do Rocio Neufert Fernandes
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas |
| Defense date: | 2011-06-07 |
| Examining board members: |
Wilson Nadruz Junior;
Leonardo Antonio Mamede Zornoff;
Sandra Martha Gomes Dias;
Carla Cristina Judice;
Daniela Miti Lemos Tsukumo
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| Advisor: | Wilson Nadruz Junior |
| Abstract | |
The increase in circumferential or mechanical stress is a major stimulus by which hypertension stimulates atherogenesis and a main determinant for the location of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial tree. Mechano-sensitive molecules can play a key role in the development of pro-atherogenic vascular cell phenotype. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) has been considered a central protein in mechanotransduction, because of its potential role in the activation of cell signaling pathways involved in cell growth, anti-apoptosis, and inflammation. In this work, we initially evaluated the activation of FAK in rabbit aortic endothelial cell (RAEC) lineage subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch and then investigated the impact of FAK inhibition, by transfection with specific oligodeoxynucleotide antisense and pre-treatment with the pharmacological inhibitor PP2, on the expression of pro-atherogenic molecules and leukocyte adhesion in this experimental model. Our results showed that FAK was rapidly activated by mechanical stretch and was critical to stretch-induced expression of TLR2, TLR4, VCAM and E-selectin in endothelial cells. FAK endothelial inhibition also blocked the adhesion of THP1 monocytoid cells to endothelial cells induced by stretch in vitro. The next step was to investigate the role of FAK in load-induced expression of pro-atherogenic molecules in vivo, by subjecting Wistar rats to aortic constriction. The results of in vivo assays revealed an early activation of FAK in aortic segments subjected to pressure overload. After 7 days of aortic constriction, vascular segments subjected to high pressure exhibited increased expression of TLR2, TLR4, VCAM-1, E-selectin, matrix metalloproteinases 2 e 9, and higher adhesion to THP-1 monocytoid cells. These events were inhibited by pre-treatment of rats with small interference RNA designed to silence FAK expression. In general these findings indicate that FAK is critical do stretch-induced expression of pro-atherogenic molecules in vascular cells in vitro and in vivo (AU) | |