Influence of the transcription factor MEF2 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by overload pressure in mice

Author(s)

Ana Helena Macedo Pereira

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• Defense date: 2008-05-08

Examining board members

Kleber Gomes Franchini; Wilson Nadruz Junior; Beatriz Martins Tavares Murta

• Advisor: Kleber Gomes Franchini

Abstract

Heart diseases are frequently associated with myocardial hypertrophy. Mechanical stimuli can trigger hypertrophic growth as well as degeneration and death of the cardiac myocytes. The MEF2C family of transcription factors plays a role in the process of myocardial hypertrophy. It is composed by 4 members, MEF2A, B, C and D, and the MEF2C is the main transcript in the heart. Both the deletion and overexpression of mef2c induce deleterious effects in the formation and function of the heart. Previous studies of the our laboratory has shown that the transcription factor MEF2C is activated by mechanical stretch in cardiomyocytes and regulates the expression of genes related to cardiac hypertrophy. This study was performed to address the effects of MEF2C gene silencing in the structural and functional changes of the left ventricle (LV) induced by pressure overload in mice. To silence MEF2C, it was employed the RNA interference technique, specific siRNA target to MEF2C was administered through the mice jugular vein. To optimize the MEF2C knockdown, it was necessary to 1) analyze the MEF2C silencing in C2C12 cells, 2) determine the dose required to induce significant MEF2C silencing in LV of mice, 3) determine the time course of gene silencing, 4) assess the effects of the treatment with irrelevant siRNA target to the protein GFP, 5) evaluate the specificity of gene silencing by siRNAMEF2C through the expression analysis of the transcription factor MEF2A and other non-related proteins, 6) analyze of the MEF2C knockdown in other organs, 7) determine the effectiveness of the MEF2C silencing in cardiac myocytes harverst from the LV of mice treated systemically with siRNAMEF2C. Treatment with 100ng/mL of siRNAMEF2C induced MEF2C silencing (~70%) in C2C12 cells. Intrajugular delivery of 30µg of siRNAMEF2C in mice induced the reduction in the mRNA and protein levels (~85%) until 4 days after the injection. The treatment with siRNAMEF2C did not affect the expression of MEF2A and other non-related proteins. The MEF2C silencing was effective in lung and in cardiac myocytes harverst from LV of mice treated with siRNAMEF2C. After knockdown optimization, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, gravimetric and morphometric analysis was performed to address the effects of MEF2C silencing in the structure and function of the LV from 15 days aorticbanded mice. Myocardial MEF2C silencing attenuated the load-induced hypertrophy in banded mice, indicated by the reductions of the wall thickness and the mass (~45%) of the LV. An increase in transconstriction gradient was observed in banded mice but the systemic blood pressure did not shown a significant statistically difference with the siRNAMEF2C treatment. The siRNAMEF2C injection reduced the collagen fraction in the LV of 15 days banded mice. On the other hand, the myocytes diameter and inflammatory cells level were comparable between the groups. Only the 24 hours banded mice showed an increase in the â-MHC expression and the treatment with siRNAMEF2C reduced ATP/ADP ratio. This study indicate that MEF2C regulates many aspects of the cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, like the expression of sarcomeric genes and genes involved in metabolic adaptation of the heart muscle. (AU)