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| Author(s): |
Marina Sória Castellano
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Geociências |
| Defense date: | 2010-08-27 |
| Examining board members: |
Lucí Hidalgo Nunes;
Ana Maria Heuminski de Avila;
Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim
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| Advisor: | Lucí Hidalgo Nunes |
| Abstract | |
Floods are natural events but they correspond to a third of all natural disasters worldwide (Smith, 2004) and their consequences can be aggravated by human activities, such as urbanization, lack of urban planning and occupation of risk areas. These facts occur on most urban centers in Brazil, including the city of Campinas (SP). The research aimed to analyze the impacts of extreme precipitation events between 1958 and 2007 for Campinas and to estimate the socio-spatial pattern of their distributions. Data of four rain gauges were used for the analysis of extreme events identified according to the quantis technique. The impacts associated with the rains were reported in the newspaper Correio Popular, Diário do Povo (local newspapers), O Estado de São Paulo as well the Civil Defense. Analyses were performed for five decades and showed a considerable increase in the number of impacts recorded: 129 in the first decade and 3,837 in the last. The data analysis also allowed to realize that the areas of low and medium income are the majority in most of the records. Of the total impacts, 16 occurred more frequently in low-income areas (with emphasis on cases of flooding and risk of collapse of buildings, homeless and dead), 15 in middle income areas (in particular, flooding of roads and total or partial collapse of buildings) and 2 in high-income (under construction delays and damage to properties). Thus, it was noticed that the extreme phenomena affect more routinely and dramatically low income social groupings. However, the neighborhoods of all social classes were affected, showing that the entire population is exposed to risk, although in different magnitudes, which is a relevant aspect for the government. The research also included the analysis of Master Plans of Campinas, as well as executed programs by the local government to reduce flooding in the city. It was noticed that most of the places presented as critical areas to flooding in the official documents were compatible with the areas that really presented problems, according to the survey in local newspapers and on Civil Defense. Climate issues were not reported in the plans in a direct way: there is only the implicit idea of the rainfall occurrence (there was no mention of their intensities) when there is a reference to flooding. The issues related to flooding that appear with frequency in the plans analyzed are: green areas, soil impermeabilization, risk areas occupation, transference of families and resettlement and housing policy (AU) | |