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| Author(s): |
Felipe Bastos Rocha
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2013-01-28 |
| Examining board members: |
Louis Bernard Klaczko;
Gabriel Henrique Marroig Zambonato;
Vera Nisaka Solferini;
Arício Xavier Linhares;
Alexandre Afranio Peixoto
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| Advisor: | Louis Bernard Klaczko |
| Abstract | |
Despite describing the population dynamics of genetic variation, the theory of population genetics lacks a description of how genotype and developmental environment interact to generate a phenotypic distribution. Such a description could be achieved through reaction norms, which give the phenotypic response of individual genotypes to a given environmental variation and describe the variation due to phenotypic plasticity and genotype-environment interaction. Here, we used Drosophila mediopunctata as a model organism. This species belongs to the tripunctata group of the genus Drosophila, and is polymorphic for second chromosome inversions. D. mediopunctata specimens display a conspicuous pigmentation polymorphism in the abdomen, with phenotypes ranging from zero to three dark spots in the last three tergites. In the first part of this study, we describe a test of the genetic independency between phenotypic plasticity and mean phenotypic value for the pigmentation polymorphism of D. mediopunctata. We analyzed the reaction norms of the number of abdominal spots in response to temperature of eight strains homozygous for second chromosome inversions and with different mean phenotypic values. The reaction norms were parabolic, and their curvature was correlated with the mean phenotypic value, suggesting that the variation of these two traits may be determined by pleiotropy. The same pattern was observed in heterozygous genotypes resulting from crosses between strains with different reaction norm curvatures. These results show that the variation of reaction norms of the number of dark abdominal spots of D. mediopunctata is predictable by a simple association rule between shape (curvature) and mean value. In the second part of this study we show the results from the analysis of 40 reaction norms of five different traits, which had two aims: establishing a general pattern of reaction norms shape; and verifying the impact of this pattern for studies that investigate the variation of phenotypic plasticity using models and methods based on a linearity assumption. The results show that the typical reaction norm shape is nonlinear. A pattern of unpredictable variation emerges when these curves are analyzed with only three environments, suggesting that the association of genotype-environment interaction with unpredictability may be due to the use of an experimental design only suitable for linear curves. Furthermore, the use of a linear model to describe the variation of nonlinear reaction norms leads to loss of information and, in some cases, artifacts which support false conclusions. Considering these results, we propose a new vision of reaction norms and phenotypic plasticity which is based on the use of a parabolic model and on more comprehensive and detailed experimental designs which would describe the shape and variation of reaction norms without losing important patterns and phenomena (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 08/07084-7 - Factors affecting the morphological variation in natural populations of Drosophila mediopunctata |
| Grantee: | Felipe Bastos Rocha |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |