Survival and death signaling pathways in keratinocytes exposed to oxidative stress and hyperosmotic shock

Author(s)

Rodrigo Augusto da Silva

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia
• Defense date: 2011-06-27

Examining board members

Giselle Zenker Justo; Nilana Meza Tenorio de Barros; Ana Paula de Souza; Fábio Dupart Nascimento; Jose Mauro Granjeiro

• Advisor: Giselle Zenker Justo

Abstract

The epidermis is constantly confronted with multiple environmental stressors. Changes in humidity or exposition to UV radiation affect the redox state and osmotic balance, modifying the physiological characteristics of the skin. In response to different stresses, epidermal keratinocytes can activate distinct signaling pathways and the balance between death and life signals will determine the cell fate, leading to programmed cell death or cell survival. In order to determine the possible molecular targets associated to death and survival of keratinocytes, the signaling pathways activated by the exposition of HaCaT cells to sorbitol (hyperosmotic shock) and H2O2 (oxidative stress) were investigated. The results showed that in both models the reduction in cellular viability was time and dose-dependent, displaying IC50 values of 1 mol/L for sorbitol and 2 mmol/L for H2O2 after 2 and 4 h of exposition to the stressors, respectively. The damages caused by the stressors were irreversible and associated to the induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, accompanied by the loss of lisosomal membrane integrity, release of cathepsin B to cytosol and atypical morphological alterations in cytoskeleton, particularly in the arrangement of actin filaments. Analysis of the functional status of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the cellular redox state showed that such events were mediated by reactive oxygen species and occurred through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Additionally, exposure of keratinocytes to the different stress inducers was followed by low molecular weight tyrosine protein phosphatase (LMWPTP) activation, which is responsible for the regulation of important signaling pathways associated to cell survival and death. It is important to highlight the novelty of these results showing alterations in the cytoskeleton and the action of protein kinases and phosphatases during exposure of keratinocytes to hyperosmotic and oxidative stresses. In fact, the development of more efficacious therapies against skin diseases depends on the establishment of the relationships between the survival and death signaling pathways in keratinocytes. In this direction, this work contributes to a better understanding of the keratinocyte biology and the improvement of traditional dermatological therapies (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 06/07315-3 - Effects of riboflavin on keratinocyte survival and death signaling pathways: implication in dermatological therapy
• Grantee: Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)