Veterinary regenerative medicine: multipotential of the cells amniotic membrane and yolk sac the model horse

Author(s)

André Luis Rezende Franciolli

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD)
• Defense date: 2012-05-17

Examining board members

Maria Angélica Miglino; Roberto Pimenta de Pádua Foz Filho; Júlio Cesar Ferraz Jacob; Graciela Conceição Pignatari; Luciano Andrade Silva

• Advisor: Maria Angélica Miglino

Abstract

The samples were obtained from adult mares, totalizing 42 animals, being 30 for the description and characterization of the placenta and embryonic annexes / fetus. The other 12 animals were used for the cell culture of amniotic membranes and yolk sac. The embryos were measured obtaining Crow-Rump and fixed for morphological description. The vitelline and amniotic fragments were cultured in α-MEM, supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 1% nonessential amino acids, 1% glutamine and 1% antibiotic, incubated at 37 º C and 5% CO2. As for the material obtained, the chorion is the outer embryo membrane, consisting of morphologically columnar epithelium and mesenchyme richly vascularized and rich in collagen fibers. The allantois is well vascularized and developed, consisting of a simple squamous epithelium and with the presence of microvilli. The amnion is an avascular membrane consisting of a single thin layer of squamous cells, basal membrane and mesenchyme. The yolk sac exhibits a yellowish appearance with surface vessels, consisting of two cell layers interspersed with a vascularized mesenchyme. The chorionic girdle appears as a halo around the fetus at the point where the allantoid membranes and the yolk sack meet. Regarding embryos in general, the presence of the forebrain in formation, branchial arches, pigmented optic vesicle, open cranial neuropore exposing the so called 4th encephalic ventricle, and pronounced cervical flexure were noticed. The cardiac impression was observed and the fore and hindlimbs had a \"paddle\" shape. Fetuses in general had the nasal and oral cavities externally defined; presented the growth of the auricular pavilion and early growth of the external ear; and formation of the nail apparatus in fore and hindlimbs. The ribs become more prominent and some structures already presented ossification. Morphologically the yolk and amniotic cells was presented as fibroblastoid and epithelioid. The progenitor cells isolated from the yolk sac and the amnion, in the fifth passage, showed normal karyotype (2n = 64). The cells population in the yolk sac showed a progressive growth, not constant until the fifth passage, and a marked decline in P10. For the amniotic membrane, the cell population showed a constant growth, not linear, until the eighth passage, and a marked decline in P10. In immunocytochemistry, the yolk sac cells and amniotic membranes presented themselves as immunopositive for: Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-3, vimentin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and PCNA. Either the yolk sack as the aminiotic membranes expressed the markers CD 45, CD 105, Oct3 / 4, Nanog, CD 34 and Stro-1. Both cell lines demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes and had no carcinogenic potential in NUDE mice. (AU)