Immunization of foals with attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium carring vapA gene of Rhodococcus equi: clinical and immunological evaluation

Author(s)

Ana Carolina Rusca Corrêa Porto

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD)
• Defense date: 2010-10-08

Examining board members

Wilson Roberto Fernandes; Maria Cristina Roque Antunes Barreira; Luciana Colbachini Ferraz; Daniel Augusto Barroso Lessa; Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera

• Advisor: Wilson Roberto Fernandes

Abstract

Rhodoccocus equi is the major cause of pneumonia in foals during the first six months and control measures are frequently ineffective. Treatment protocols are long, expensive and do not always produce good results. Rhodococcosis prevention through immunization of foals using a safe and efficient vaccine is still a challenge. Recent studies are based on the use of the virulence associated protein A (vapA) which has been described as an important inducer of immunity against R. equi. The present study evaluated the clinical and immune response of foals vaccinated with an attenuated strain of S. enterica Typhimurium expressing VapA antigen (test group) or S. enterica Typhimurium without the vapA gene (control group), previous to and following experimental challenge. Two experimental phases were established according to the immunization route: intranasal or oral vaccination up to 12 hrs following birth and at 14 days of age. The experimental and control groups were challenge on day 28 with a virulent stain of R. equi. Clinical examination, complete hemograms and image complementary exams were used to evaluate the development of clinical signs. Immune response patterns were evaluated though immunoglobulin dosage, cytokine expression, lymphocyte proliferation essays, isolation of R. equi and cytological profiles of TBW. Clinical manifestation was less intense in the test group during the second experimental phase, and death occurred only in the control group (2/3) and was due to R. equi pneumonia. The test group produced a more intense IgGb response when compared to controls however no statistical difference was observed. Lymphoproliferation and Th1 cytokine expression were higher in the test group. In contrast, controls produced an IL-4 response. Local IgA was significantly higher in animals immunized with Salmonella carrying vapA. Immunization protocols produced no severe toxic effect. The vaccination of neonatal foals with S. enterica Typhimurium expressing VapA was considered safe, produced efficient modulation of the immune response and is apparently able to protect against experimental R.equi infection. (AU)