Monocyclic components of the asiatic citrus canker in the system: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri-tahiti lime- Phyllocnistis citrella, under controlled conditions.

Author(s)

Rock Seille Carlos Christiano

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2004-01-29

Examining board members

Armando Bergamin Filho; Lilian Amorim; Edson Luiz Furtado

• Advisor: Armando Bergamin Filho

Abstract

The Asiatic Citrus Canker (ACC), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ( Xac) is one of the most serious problems of citrus in São Paulo State, Brazil. After the introduction of Citrus Leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella, the behavior of ACC changed drastically, becoming more severe. To understand the interaction of Xac and CLM on Tahiti Lime, it were, under controlled conditions, carried three experiments: (A) influence of the way of Xac penetration (stomata, mechanical wound and CLM injury of the stage: egg, 1st instar, 3rd instar and pupa) and of the inoculum concentrations of 10 1 , 10 2 , 10 4 and 10 6 CFU/mL in the Xac infection; (B) effect of the age of mechanical wound, of CLM injury and of unwounded leaf in the progress of the ACC; (C) influence of the temperature and of the period of leaf wetness in the development of the ACC. In the experiment A, the minimum inoculum concentration to cause ACC by penetration of Xac through stomata was of 10 4 CFU/mL; 10 2 CFU /mL by mechanical wound and CLM injury of egg stage and 1st instar; and 10 1 CFU /mL by injury of 3rd instar and pupa stage. The injury of 3rd instar and pupa stage have generated higher severity in relation to other ways of penetration on all concentrations (about 6 times more than the severity in unwounded leaf on 10 6 CFU /mL). The severities in leaf with mechanical wound and with injury of egg stage and 1st instar have not differed from the unwounded leaf. In the experiment B, the mechanical wound between 0 and 6 days (0-6 days of age), the CLM injury between 0 and 32 days after eggs laying of P. citrella (0-32 days of age) and unwounded leaf between 5 and 35 days (5-35 days of age) have shown susceptibility to Xac. The severity decreased linearly with increasing age of the wound and age of unwounded leaf. In relation to age of injury, the severity varied in function of generalized Beta model and the inflection point was 18 days. The maximum severity in leaf with injury was 10 times bigger than in unwounded leaf. In the experiment C, the optimum conditions appearance of lesions and 100% of incidence were 25-35ºC under minimum wetness duration of 4 hours. The Beta-monomolecular function provided a good description of severity variation in relation to the temperature and duration of leaf wetness. The estimated minimum and maximum temperatures were 14.9 and 42ºC. The estimated maximum severity was determined under wetness of 24 hours and 31.7ºC. In general, the LMC injury (up to 3rd instar stage) has influenced in the Xac infection, it has increased the efficiency of bacterium penetration still on low inoculum concentration and it has allowed Xac infection for long period (32 days). In leaf with CLM injury, the severity can be 10 times bigger than in unwounded leaf. The Xac infection is favored under 25-35ºC and the Xac does not demand long periods of leaf wetness (more than 4 hours). (AU)