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| Author(s): |
Ely Oliveira Garcia
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2008-08-01 |
| Examining board members: |
Sergio Florentino Pascholati;
Ivan Paulo Bedendo;
Antonio Carlos Maringoni
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| Advisor: | Sergio Florentino Pascholati |
| Abstract | |
The genus Streptomyces is a different prokaryote phytopathogen group, being morphologically similar to fungi and able to produce several important secondary metabolites. The potato common scabies is the main plant disease caused by the members of the genus. The main causal agent of the plant disease, Streptomyces scabies, is able to produce the phytoxins concanamycins. However, the importance of these toxins in the aggressiveness of S. scabies strains was not proven. This research aimed to evaluate the reaction of main potato cultivars used in Brazil to Streptomyces spp. strains, exhibiting different levels of concanamycins production. The toxin production by several strains was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two strains (higher and lower producers) were chosen and used for resistance evaluation of six potato cultivars under greenhouse. Pots containing sterile substratum received a suspension of bacterial spores and the healthy seed tubers at the same time. After four months, the level of disease was evaluated and the results showed increasing in aggressiveness for the higher concanamycins producer only in the Mondial, Monalisa and Asterix cultivars. For the two strains, the cultivars Atlantic and Mondial were resistant and the cultivars Monalisa, Cupido, Ágata and Asterix were susceptible. On the other hand, the thaxtomin A is the main phytotoxin of plant pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Therefore, the study of the thaxtomin A action mechanism is important to explain its contribution to disease development. The thaxtomin A is not a specific toxin and causes similar effect in several plants of different botanical families. Thus, the cytological, ultrastructural and biochemical modifications induced by thaxtomin A were evaluated in sorghum seedlings. Leaf tissues of seedlings were treated with high levels of thaxtomin A and evaluated 7 days after treatment. Cytological disorganization was observed in all treated cells. The plasmma membrane of the cells of immature leaves was detached from the wall in several places. However, plasmmalema did not seem degraded. The chloroplasts had showed significant deformations in the surface and volume reduction. Theses changes in chloroplasts probably contributed for the reduction of chlorophylls A and B levels. The sorghum seedlings also showed high phytoalexin accumulation (deoxiantocianydins) in response to thaxtomin A treatment. Thus, the thaxtomin A acts mainly on plasmma membrane and membranous organelles, causing plasmolises, cell disorganization, deformations in chloroplasts and chlorophyll reduction in sorghum seedlings. Finally, the accumulation of phytoalexins in response to thaxtomin A treatment points out it potential to induce resistance in plants. (AU) | |