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| Author(s): |
Suane Coutinho Cardoso
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2008-04-14 |
| Examining board members: |
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho;
José Belasque Júnior;
Ricardo Harakava;
Carlos Alberto Labate;
Joao Roberto Spotti Lopes
|
| Advisor: | Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho |
| Abstract | |
The Brazilian citrus industry is constantly threatened by diseases that cause severe damage to production and fruit quality such as the citrus variegated chlorosis and citrus canker. Genetic transformation has been considered an important tool in citrus breeding programs especially regarding disease resistance. This research objective was to evaluate the resistance to Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Citrus sinensis plants, transformed with the genes attacin A (attA) or Xa21. Transgenic sweet orange plants from cultivars \'Hamlin\', \'Valencia\', \'Natal\' and \'Pera\' containing the attA or Xa21 genes were graft propagated on Rangpur lime for pathogen resistance evaluation. The resistance to X. fastidiosa was evaluated by mechanic inoculation of the transgenic plants containing the attA gene, using bacterial suspension and pin perforation of plant tissue. The plants were evaluated in four different experiments including, eight \'Hamlin\' sweet orange plants (H), seven \'Natal\' sweet orange plants (N), five \'Pera\' sweet orange plants (P) and nine \'Valencia\' sweet orange plants (V). The experimental design was fully randomized with ten replications and each experiment was repeated twice. After four and eight months from inoculation, the bacterial population of all plants was determined by isolation in culture medium and seven plants (Hat8, Nat1, Nat2, Pat6, Pat7, Vat2 e Vat12) were selected to be analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) aiming to estimate the bacterial population in relation to control plants. The resistance to X. axonopodis pv. citri was evaluated in transgenic plants containing the attA or Xa21 genes. Seedlings showing new leaves and free from wounds, were spray-inoculated with bacterial suspension for stomatal penetration, and incubated in growth chamber. The experimental design was fully randomized with seven to ten repetitions and each experiment was repeated three times. The symptom severity of citrus canker was determined 30 days after inoculation, by evaluating two leaves per plant with citrus canker lesions, using a disease quantification software (Quant v.1.0). Within the transgenic plants containing the attA gene, four (Pat6, Pat7, Vat2 e Vat12) showed smaller bacterial populations of X. fastidiosa and 16 had reduction in the severity of citrus canker in relation to control plants. Within the transgenic plants containing the Xa21 gene, 11 presented reduction in symptom severity of citrus canker related to control plants. (AU) | |