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| Author(s): |
Paula Fabiane Martins
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2012-05-18 |
| Examining board members: |
Ricardo Antunes de Azevedo;
Welington Luiz de Araujo;
João Lucio de Azevedo;
Priscila Lupino Gratão;
Marcos Pileggi
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| Advisor: | Ricardo Antunes de Azevedo |
| Abstract | |
The environmental contamination by pesticides is an increasing concern, as frequently showed in studies with detection of these compounds in water and soil. In fact, the understanding of pesticide effect on non-target organisms is necessary given the importance of pesticide and its sustentable use. The study of bacterial adaptive response to pesticide can show how the metabolic regulation happens, as well as provide new data about biotransformation of these xenobiotics. For this propose, firstly the biodegradation analyse showed the Enterobacter asburiae SD1 strain has capacity to degrade the s-metolachlor herbicide in around 30% of your initial concentration (1,25 mM), in 13 h of cultivation in mineral medium. However, the degradation was also observed on the presence of alternative carbon source, what suggests, together the differential growth, the bacteria can show an adaptive response to different conditions represented by the media constitution. The antioxidant system, a global sensor to stress, was evaluated in E. asburiae SD1 cultivated in different media, to see what is the effect of s-metolachlor herbicide in the antioxidant response. It was possible to observe preferential pathways activated according to medium characteristics, such as the activation of glutathione Stransferase in the presence of only s-metolachlor as carbon source. This result was explained by the bacterial need to recognize and metabolize a new molecule. On the other hand, in the presence of alternative carbon source, in addition to herbicide, the pathways to combat oxidative stress, as those constituted by catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR), were firstly activated. Besides this, the differential activation was observed among the isoenzymes of CAT and SOD, wich special attention to Mn-SOD, which one had an important role in the adptive responde to herbicide. This affirmation was justified when de delection of sodA gene (Mn-SOD) induced membrane damage and disruption in the cooperative work of antioxidant enzymes in bacteria exposed to s-metolachlor. Finally, the integration of different levels of metabolism in the antioxidant response was showed through study with a pathway envolved in the translational control which has the elongation factor-P (EFP) as one important protein. This enzyme acts in the fidelity during the protein synthesis, and its absence, caused by efp gene delection, as well others two protein important to activate the EFP, induced the oxidative stress, increased by the paraquat herbicide. The present work collects relevant results for understanding of the role of bacterial antioxidant system in the stress condition induced by herbicide presence, and also offers important data about integration and regulation of biochemical pathway in the antioxidant system activation for an efficient adaptative response. (AU) | |