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QTL by Sex Interactions, epistasis and pleiotropic QTLs in chicken (Gallus gallus)

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Author(s):
Luis Fernando Batista Pinto
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Doctoral Thesis
Press: Piracicaba.
Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
Defense date:
Examining board members:
Irineu Umberto Packer; Luiz Lehmann Coutinho; Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia; Mônica Corrêa Ledur; Ana Silvia Alves Meira Tavares Moura
Advisor: Irineu Umberto Packer
Abstract

This study aim to map QTL for performance and carcass traits in (Gallus gallus) . There were used 350 F2 chickens developed by crossing a broiler male line (TT) with a layer line (CC). The body weight with 1, 35 and 42 days of age, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion from 35 to 41 days, weights of lung, liver, heart, gizzard, breast, drums and thighs, carcass (without giblets, feet and head), residual carcass (weight of carcass without breast, drums, thighs, and wings), wings, head, feet, and abdominal fat, intestine length and hematócrito value were the phenotypes analyzed. Seventy nine microssatellite markers were used, which covered 1510.7 cM of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 13. Firstly, QTL analysis was carried out for each original trait and for canonical variables, obtained from principal components analysis of the phenotypes. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) between a reduced model (only fixed effects of sex, hatch and random effect of infinitesimal genetic value) and a full model (all anterior effects and QTL effects) was applied to map QTL, but mean square approach was used for mapping QTL with epistatic effect. Besides, models with QTL by sex interaction were also tested. Finally, multi-trait analysis was used to test the hypothesis of pleiotropic x linkage QTLs, besides of the tests previously described, except models with epistatic effects. For descriptive and principal components analysis the SAS software was used. QTL mapping was carried out with QxPak software and a fortran 90 source code to test models with epistatic effect. The univariate model, without interactions, allowed to map eight highly significant QTLs (five in the GGA1, for PV35, PV42, abdominal fat, intestine length, and head weight; two QTLs in the GGA2, for PV35 and PV42; and one QTL in the GGA3 for abdominal fat), six significant QTLs (two in the GGA1 for feed conversion and weight gain; two in the GGA3 for wings and drums and thighs weights; one in the GGA4 for head weight; and one in the GGA8 for gizzard weight), besides 13 suggestive linkages for several traits. Ten QTLs interacted with sex, being five of them male specific QTLs. The model with simultaneous search for two QTLs was important to map six QTLs previously lost (five for body weight at 35 and 42 days; and one for head weight). Epistatic Interactions were observed for body weight among a QTL in 69 cM of GGA1 with QTLs in 333 cM of GGA1, 272 cM of GGA3 and 77 cM of GGA5. Two QTLs and six suggestive linkages were mapped with the analysis on canonical variables, which have not been mapped with the original variables. With the multi-trait approach nine pleiotropic QTLs were mapped and an increase in the test power was observed mainly in the GGA2 chromosome. (AU)