Evaluation of chemical additives on losses and alimentary value of sugar cane silage for sheep

Author(s)

Rafael Camargo do Amaral

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2008-02-08

Examining board members

Luiz Gustavo Nussio; Clóves Cabreira Jobim; Ricardo Andrade Reis

• Advisor: Alexandre Vaz Pires

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fresh sugarcane or sugarcane silages added during ensiling with calcium oxide and limestone (1% as-fed basis). The experiment I assessed the fermentative characteristics and aerobic stability of silages and fresh sugarcane. The lowest gas losses were observed for treatments containing calcium oxide and limestone. These two treatments also showed low ethanol production and higher concentrations of residual soluble carbohydrates, acetic and butyric acids when compared with non-treated silage. In the aerobic stability trial, silage treated with calcium oxide presented the highest aerobic stability, observed by the heating delay and the lowest dry matter losses. Nutrient digestibility and ruminal parameters were also evaluated in the experiment II using sixteen Santa Inês ram lambs kept in metabolism crates. All experimental diet contained 50% of roughage (DM basis) and treatments were defined according to roughage type: fresh sugarcane, sugarcane silage with no additive, sugarcane silage with calcium oxide (1% as-fed basis), and sugarcane silage with limestone (1% as-fed basis). It was observed difference (P<0.05) among treatments for dry matter and organic matter digestibility with values of 74.62 and 76.43% for the diet containing fresh sugarcane, respectively. Ruminal butyrate concentration (11.89 mM) was the highest (P<0.05) for the animals receiving the diet with calcium oxide silage. There was no treatment effect on ruminal pH (P>0.05), with mean value of 6.3. In the experiment III, milk production, ovarian activity resumption, and ingestive behavior were evaluated using forty Santa Inês ewes individually penned. The ewes were fed with the same diet used in the experiment II. No effect on milk production (P>0.05) was observed. Milk fat concentration was higher (P<0.05) for ewes fed silages when compared to ewes fed sugarcane fresh sugarcane. There was no difference (P>0.05) for days necessary to P4 >= 1 ng/mL. Non-esterified fatty acids concentration and ingestive behavior were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. Using calcium sources as sugarcane silage additive provided better fermentative pattern with reduction of gas losses and ethanol production. The animal performance was not affected by feeding sugar cane silage. (AU)