Evaluation of byproducts inclusion on concentrate supplements for dairy cows grazing tropical pastures during rainy season and confined during dry season

Author(s)

Junio Cesar Martinez

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2008-08-05

Examining board members

Flavio Augusto Portela Santos; Telma Teresinha Berchielli; Carla Maris Machado Bittar; Wilson Roberto Soares Mattos; Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos

• Advisor: Flavio Augusto Portela Santos

Abstract

The present study evaluated the inclusion of different byproducts on concentrate supplements for dairy cows grazing Elephant Grass pastures during rainy season and confined during the dry season fed rations with sugarcane as forage source. All trials were conducted at Animal Sciences Department, USP/ESALQ, Piracicaba/SP. First trial evaluated the inclusion of 0, 14 and 34% whole cottonseed (WCS) in the ration dry matter (DM) of 16 Holstein cows fed total mixed rations with sugarcane as the forage source (62,7% DM) during dry season on a replicated 4x4 Latin Square design. Data were analysed by GLM procedure of SAS (2002). Treatments affected Milk yield and composition, DM and fat intake but didnt affect live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS) or blood parameters. Results indicate that whole cottonseed can be used with sugarcane diets up to 17% DM. Second trial evaluated substitution of up to 75% ground corn by corn gluten feed (CGF) on concentrate mixtures offered to 16 Holstein dairy cows (485kg LW, 141 DIM) grazing tropical pastures during rainy season. Pasture was fertilized with 80kg N/ha every grazing cycle of 23 days interval. Performance and ingestive behavior data were analysed using a replicated 4x4 Latin Square design. Ruminal metabolism data were analysed using a single 4x4 Latin Square design. Data were analysed using GLM aeand MANOVA procedures of SAS (2002). Treatments didnt affect milk yeald and composition, LW, BCS, rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ingestive behavior and blood parameters. Ruminal kinetics showed higher effective degradation for CGF than corn. Treatments didnt affect forage degradation kinetics. Rumen VFA, NH3, and pH were not affected by treatments. Results indicate that CGF can replace up to 75% of corn on grazing lactating dairy cows rations. Third trial evaluated substitution of ground corn by 7, 14 and 21% WCS on concentrate mixtures offered to 12 multiparous Holstein (543kg LW, 142 DIM) and 4 primiparous Holstein/Jersey (393kg LW, 82 DIM) dairy cows grazing tropical pastures during rainy season. The same experimental protocol utilized on trial two was adopted. 21% WCS treatment affected milk production but LW, BCS, rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ingestive behavior and blood parameters didnt differ among treatments. WCS showed lower DM effective ruminal degradation than corn when incubated whole, with linter (63,65 vs 11,93%) or ground at 5mm (63,65 vs 11,23%). When WCS was ground at 2mm its effective degradation was much closer to corn values (63,65 vs 52,75). WCS levels tested did not affect forage degradation. Rumen NH3 concentration was elevated with WCS inclusion and VFA concentration and pH were not affected by treatments. Results indicate that WCS can be used as a replacement for ground corn in lactating cows rations up to 14% total DM. Fourth trial evaluated substitution of up to 75% ground corn by wheat bran (WB) on concentrate mixtures offered to 12 Holstein (553kg LW, 84 DIM) and 4 Holstein/Jersey (393kg LW, 159 DIM) dairy cows grazing tropical pastures during rainy season. The same experimental protocol utilized on trial two was adopted. Treatments didnt affect milk yield and composition, LW, BCS, rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ingestive behavior and blood parameters. WB showed higher DM effective ruminal degradation than corn. WB inclusion did not affect forage effective ruminal degradation. VFA and NH3 concentrations and pH were not affected by treatments. Results indicated that WB can replace up to 75% of corn on grazing lactating dairy cows diets. Fifth trial evaluated substitution of up to 75% ground corn by soybean hulls (SH) on concentrate mixtures offered to 12 Holstein (509kg LW, 91 DIM) and 4 Holstein/Jersey (389kg LW, 175 DIM) dairy cows grazing tropical pastures during rainy season. The same experimental protocol utilized on trial two was adopted. Treatments didnt affect Milk yield and composition, LW, BCS, rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, ingestive behaviour and blood parameters. SH showed lower DM effective ruminal degradation than corn. Treatments did not affect forage effective ruminal degradation. VFA and NH3 concentrations and pH were not affected by treatments. Results indicated that SH can replace up to 75% of corn on grazing lactating dairy cows diets. (AU)