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| Author(s): |
Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2012-08-31 |
| Examining board members: |
Valdomiro Shigueru Miyada;
Dirlei Antonio Berto;
Jose Eurico Possebon Cyrino;
José Fernando Machado Menten;
Maria Cristina Thomaz
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| Advisor: | Valdomiro Shigueru Miyada |
| Abstract | |
The beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine (RAC) modifies the swine carcass composition by increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat deposition. The objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of RAC feeding duration on performance, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration, carcass traits, and gene expression of beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-AR) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in finishing pigs. Eighty barrows (initial BW = 69.42 ± 1.24 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design experiment with five treatments, eight replicates per treatment, and two animals per experimental unit (pen). The dietary treatments consisted of diets containing no RAC (control) or 10 ppm RAC fed for 7, 14, 21, or 28 days before slaughter. Individual pig BW and pen feed disappearance were obtained to determine average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed to gain ratio (F:G). Blood samples were collected for determination of PUN concentrations. At the end of the experiment, pigs (final BW = 102.46 ± 1.44 kg) were slaughtered and hair and Longissimus dorsi muscle samples collected. The carcasses were evaluated 24 hours postmortem. Hair samples were used to detect the mutation of the ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) gene. Gene expression of beta-AR (beta1- and beta2-subtypes) and MyHC isoforms (I, IIa, IIx/d, and IIb) was quantified in the muscle samples. Statistical analyses were performed using only the homozygous dominant pigs for the RYR1 gene mutation. Increasing RAC feeding period did not affect (P > 0.05) final BW, ADG, and ADFI, but resulted in a linear improvement (P < 0.01) in F:G. Average weekly improvements (P < 0.05) in ADG and F:G were observed during the first 21 days of RAC feeding, however, animal growth declined (P < 0.05) in the 4th week of treatment. The PUN concentrations showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) as RAC feeding duration increased. There were linear increases (P <= 0.01) in hot carcass weight, Longissimus dorsi muscle depth, loin eye area, and muscle to fat ratio as RAC treatment duration increased. No effects of RAC feeding (P > 0.05) were detected for beta1-AR and for isoforms of MyHC IIa and MyHC IIx/d gene expression, but increasing RAC feeding period tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.08) beta2-AR gene expression. Even though mRNA levels of MyHC I isoform decreased linearly (P < 0.01), gene expression of MyHC IIb isoform increased linearly (P < 0.01) as RAC treatment duration increased. Therefore, greater growth and carcass responses occurred when RAC was fed for 21 and 28 days, respectively. Furthermore, the agonist altered the MyHC gene expression and the RAC action may be related to the beta2-AR population. (AU) | |