Full text
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| Author(s): |
Graziela Braga
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2006-05-16 |
| Examining board members: |
Luis Ignacio Prochnow;
Enes Furlani Junior;
Jairo Antonio Mazza
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| Advisor: | Luis Ignacio Prochnow |
| Abstract | |
The study was carried out through two experiments conducted at the greenhouse of the Soil and Plant Nutrition Department, ESALQ/USP, utilizing experimental outline as blocks and a Yellow Latossol, with the addition or not of an iron gel to vary the soil phosphorus (P) fixation capacity (PFC). The P sources tested were: (i) reagent grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP), used as the standard source of P, (ii) low-grade single superphosphate with medium water solubility (LG SSP), (iii) magnesium multiphosphate (MMP), (iv) termophosphate (TERMO), and (v) Arad phosphate rock (PR). The hypothesis tested was that "some P sources, with low water solubility, may have higher relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) in soils with high PFC". Experiment 1 aimed to evaluate and compare the P released from the sources in different scenarios of soil acidity and PFC. In this study plants were not used as indicators but an extractor of bioavailable P. The treatments consisted of five P sources, six rates of P (0, 12,5; 25; 50; 100 e 200 mg P Kg-1 of soil), two soil conditions as related to PFC (without and with the addition of an iron gel) and two soil pH levels. The total number of treatments was 120, with three replicates, totalizing 360 experimental units. Soil samples were collected 30 days after soil incubation with the P sources and analyzed following the exchange resin as the extractor. In general, higher relative index were observed for the alternative sources of P (low water solubility) in the soil with induced PFC. Experiment 2 was designed to provide information related to the RAE utilizing two short corn plant crops as indicator. The experimental outline was of two soil condition as related to PFC (without and with addition of the iron gel), five P sources, two controls, and three replicates, totalizing 36 experimental units. Only one soil pH condition was tested in this case (with lime added to pH CaCl2 5.6). Both corn crops showed a decrease in dry-matter yield and P uptake by the plants with the MCP applied in the soil with higher PFC. The RAE was in general higher for the lower water soluble P sources in the soil with induced PFC. The results of both experiments suggested that, in general, P sources with lower water solubility present higher relative effectiveness when the soil PFC was induced by the addition of the iron gel. The information, once adapted to local field experimentation, can lead to a more adequate management of the P sources, as well may serve to guide farmers in taking decisions as related to sources to be utilized in their agricultural fields. (AU) | |