Autotrophic denitrification using sulfide as electron donor for nitrogen removal from anaerobically pre-treated domestic sewage

Author(s)

Theo Syrto Octavio de Souza

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Carlos.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC/SBD)
• Defense date: 2011-04-15

Examining board members

Eugenio Foresti; Ana Claudia Barana; Marcelo Loureiro Garcia; Maria de Lourdes Florencio dos Santos; Marcelo Zaiat

• Advisor: Eugenio Foresti

Abstract

Nitrogen removal is an important aspect of wastewater treatment, for this nutrient causes several issues, with damages to human health and to the environment. The most used technique for biological nitrogen removal from wastewaters is autotrophic nitrification followed by heterotrophic denitrification. The latter needs organic electron donors from endogenous or exogenous sources, which can increase treatment costs for plants that rely on anaerobic reactors as their first biological unit, since their effluents do not have enough readily biodegradable organic matter, demanding the addition of exogenous sources of electron donors. In this way, autotrophic denitrification using reduced sulfur compounds as electron donors could be an interesting alternative, for sulfides are usually present in anaerobically pre-treated effluents. The aim of this research is to evaluate autotrophic denitrification using sulfide as electron donor for nitrogen removal from anaerobically pre-treated domestic sewage. For this, exploratory, viability and applicability studies of the process were performed. In the first part of the experiments, batch assays were conducted for kinetic, operational and microbiological characterization of the process. In the second part, a bench-scale system composed of three continuous reactors was used to remove nitrogen from synthetic domestic sewage. And, finally, in the third part a pilot-scale system presenting a new configuration was operated for secondary and tertiary treatment of real domestic sewage. Autotrophic denitrification was detected in the first two parts, and there were evidences of its presence in the third part of the research. In the first part, nitrate and nitrite were applied successfully as electron acceptors, and the process remained stable only when the \'NO IND.X\'POT.-\'/\'S POT.2-\' ratio was lower than the predicted by stoichiometry. Zero-order kinetic models were the ones that best adjusted to the electron acceptors consumption data, and the maximum obtained parameters were 7.05 and 5.02 mg N/h.gVSS, for nitrate and nitrite respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of organisms similar to Thiobacillus denitrificans, a chemolithotrophic denitrifying bacterium usually associated to the process. In the second and third parts, an average global nitrogen removal of 40% could be achieved using endogenous electron donors only, by nitrifying 40 to 60% of the total flow and later mixing it with the remaining non-nitrified fraction. Sulfide loss in the intermediary tanks of the reactors system operated in the second part was considered an obstacle to the process, which was solved with the new pilot-scale configuration proposed in the third part of the research. Although the wide range of possible processes in its interior was not fully understood, the pilot-scale system promoted secondary and tertiary treatment of domestic sewage, removing nitrogen and obeying the emission standards for this parameter. The results obtained in this research indicated that the process is versatile and can coexist with other processes, being thus viable and presenting potential in the treatment of anaerobically pre-treated domestic sewage. (AU)