Spatiotemporal variation of benthic macrofauna on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf

Author(s)

Karin Lutke Elbers

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto Oceanográfico (IO/DIDC)
• Defense date: 2010-01-29

Examining board members

Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida; Thais Navajas Corbisier; Helena Passeri Lavrado

• Advisor: Paulo Yukio Gomes Sumida

Abstract

The West Antarctic Peninsula shelf (WAP shelf) experiences a high seasonal and interannual variability in surface primary production. Sea ice dynamics is the principal factor controlling productivity and, therefore, the downward particulate organic matter (POM) fluxes. The deposited POM, also called phytodetritus, forms dense layers of available labile food for benthic organisms. This straight relationship between water column and benthic processes is called benthic-pelagic coupling. A seasonal time-series study was conducted between November 1999 through March 2001 in tree sites on WAP shelf, to determine this relationship, specially the benthic macrofauna (> 300 µm) response to the POM flux and its posterior deposition. From a total of 15 box-corer samples (0.25 m2 each), approximately 25,000 macrofaunal individuals were collected, belonging to 22 taxa. Even with some variation along the shelf, ranging from 10,886 ind.m-2 (site A) to 2,326 ind.m-2 (B), the abundance and composition of macrofauna showed only modest seasonal changes. Differences in these parameters were clear between the inner and outer shelves, probably owing to the topography, which was composed of a basin in the innermost region and a flat region, in the offshore area. Differences in abundance and composition between sediment layers were also notable, with 90% of all individuals belonging to the 0-5 cm layer. Among the 185 identified species, Aurospio foodbancsia (Polychaeta, Spionidae), a typical species of Antarctic shelf regions and closely related to the deep-sea species A. dibranchiata, was dominant in all seasons and sites (2,087 ind.m-2). Besides polychaetes, bivalves, tanaids and oligochaetes were also abundant in WAP shelf. Peaks in abundance were observed for some species and this is believed to be related to seasonal recruitment, however not always associated with the availability of food. Polychaete functional groups did not vary along seasons, indicating that surface and subsurface deposit feeders were subsisting on the labile POM along the year, even during the winter, when POM flux to the benthos is extremely low. The results are similar to those obtained in other FOODBANCS works, and indicate that the WAP shelf macrofauna act as a low-pass filter, muting the seasonal water column processes. (AU)