Thermal analysis of French bread dough during freezing and thawing processes.

Author(s)

Tatiana Guinoza Matuda

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Politécnica (EP/BC)
• Defense date: 2004-04-22

Examining board members

Carmen Cecilia Tadini; Pedro de Alcantara Pessoa Filho; Paulo Jose do Amaral Sobral

• Advisor: Carmen Cecilia Tadini

Abstract

Bread produced from frozen dough has been improved due to technological advances and formulation, however it still presents problems like long proofing, low specific volume, varied texture and performance. The effect of freezing can be minimized by use of additives and adequate ingredients. The mechanism of dough strengthening due to use of additives, such as emulsifiers, is not fully understood. Thermal analysis is a useful tool for food research, development and quality control, because it provides information on food structural changes during thermal treatment. The goal of this research is to study the influence of additives in bread making on French bread dough after a freeze-thaw cycles. The experimental part consists of four parts: in the first, different formulations were produced with the components calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (CSL), polysorbate 80 (PS80) and vegetable shortening (VGH); in the second, a mixture design with three components (CSL, PS80 and diacetyl tartaric esters of mono and digliceride – DATEM) was made; in the third, influence of ascorbic acid was studied on rheological measurement and events determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to optimize the use of additives on frozen dough. Thermal analysis was adequate for the freeze-thaw events, however not for the heating events. Resistance to extension and dough extensibility were influenced by storage time. In the fourth part, French breads from frozen dough were produced with the mixture (0,3 % of PS80 and 0,2 % of DATEM in flour basis) and two levels of ascorbic acid. Specific volume, texture profile, water content, gas production and mass tolerance during proofing were determined. Breads made with ascorbic acid addition presented a higher specific volume and lower values for texture profile (firmness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness). (AU)