Nitrate reductase activity control in pineapple plants subject to low temperatures in different phases of diurnal cycle

Author(s)

Aline Tiemi Matsumura

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB)
• Defense date: 2013-02-06

Examining board members

Helenice Mercier; Fanly Fungyi Chow Ho; José Ronaldo Magalhães

• Advisor: Helenice Mercier

Abstract

Nitrate is the main nitrogen source available to plants, and nitrate reductase (NR) is the enzyme responsible for its reduction to nitrite. Because of its toxicity in high concentrations, nitrite production by NR has a complex regulation, especially at transcriptional and post-translational level. A previous work from our group, using pineapple plants cultivated in vitro, showed that, under thermoperiod of 28ºC day/15ºC night, NR activity increased in roots during absence of light compared to activity in plants grown under constant temperature of 28ºC. Based on these results it was questioned what would be the effect of cold stimulus application with or without light on NR activity in leaves and roots of pineapple plants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low temperature on NR activity in leaves and roots of pineapple plants at different exposure times in the presence or absence of light and at different phases of a 24 hour cycle (light/darkness). We also investigated which NR was involved in these responses: cytosolic (cNR) or plasma membrane NR (PMNR), as well as verifying the role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling at low temperature. Furthermore, the NR daily rhythm activity was measured after cold exposure, in different phases of the light/dark cycle. Plants were exposed to 10ºC or 25ºC (control group) during 1, 3, 6 or 9 hours. NR was quantified by in vitro method. In the leaves, the increase of NR activity by low temperature (10ºC) occurred mainly after 6 hours in the presence of light, while in the roots the highest NR activity occurred after 6 hours at 10ºC in darkness. Based on these results, other groups of plants were subjected to the same conditions for cell partitioning, showing that in both leaves and roots the increase of NR activity by cold was associated with cytosolic NR (NRc). In both cases, the positive stimulation occurred with NADPH as the electron donor, suggesting the possible involvement of a NAD(P)H bispecific isoform. NO quantification, measured by spectrofluorimetry, indicated a greater emission induced by cold in the leaves both in the presence (after 1 and 3 hours) and absence (1 and 9 hours) of light and in roots only in darkness (9 hours), suggesting an involvement of NO in low temperature signaling. To evaluate the influence of cold at different day phases, we performed 4 experiments beginning at different times of the 24-hour cycle (beginning of light phase, middle of light phase, beginning of dark phase, middle of dark phase). NR activity was measured immediately after cold exposure (6 hours at 10°C) by in vitro method and after rewarming at 25°C during 24 hours, quantified by in vivo method every 3 hours. In roots, NR activity showed an increase only when the cold stimulus was applied at dark phase, while in leaves, NR was independent of the light condition. Upon rewarming, leaves presented a delay in NR daily behavior in all situations, except when low temperature was applied at the beginning of dark phase, showing almost no variation throughout the day. This study demonstrated that the temperature of 10ºC affected leaves and roots differently, and the changes in NR activity after short exposure time could be associated with NRc. NO seemed to be involved in cold signaling, but its biosynthetic origin has not been determined yet. Roots showed an increment of NR activity by low temperature dependent of the dark condition, while the responses of leaves depended on the phase of the 24-hour cycle in which they were subjected to 10ºC (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/04270-4 - Nitrate reductase activity control in pineapple plants subjected to low temperatures in different phases of diurnal cycle
• Grantee: Aline Tiemi Matsumura
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master