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| Author(s): |
Patrícia Narvaes
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2003-09-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Miguel Trefaut Urbano Rodrigues;
Ulisses Caramaschi;
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad;
Hélio Ricardo da Silva;
Hussam El Dine Zaher
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| Advisor: | Miguel Trefaut Urbano Rodrigues |
| Abstract | |
The Bufo species of the granulosus group are taxonomically reviewed in order to determine their evolutionary units. The granulosus group is composed by 6 species (Bufo granulosus, Bufo bergi, Bufo dorbignyi, Bufo fernandezae, Bufo pygmaeus and B. beebei), and 10 subspecies of Bufo granulosus (merianae, nattereri, mini, major, barbouri, lutzi, mirandaribeiroi, azarai, humboldti, goeldii). The group presents a wide geographical distribution, occurring in Central America (Panama) and in almost all the countries of South America, except for Chile and Ecuador. A total of 8700 specimens deposited in several national and foreign collections were studied representing about 880 different localities. External morphological caracters currently cited in the literature, and others, chosen at the beginning of the work, were compared within the sample series for each locality. Measurements of 23 morphometric characters were taken on 2267 specimens, and were used in an multivariate statistical analysis along with 9 body ratios chosen as a form of characterizing the taxa of the group. Osteological and miological caracters were also analyzed within the taxa, and an analysis of the vocalization (advertisement call) was performed with the available recordings for the group. Twelve species are recognized for the granulosus group, and one is new: Bufo granulosus (Southeast and Northeast Brazil); Bufo pygmaeus (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil); Bufo azarai (Argentina, Paraguay and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil); Bufo mirandaribeiroi (Central Brazillian Savannas); Bufo major (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Amazonia, Brazil); Bufo fernandezae (South Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay); Bufo dorbignyi (South Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay); Bufo bergi (Argentina, Paraguay and Mato Grosso do Sul); Bufo nattereri (Roraima State, Brazil); Bufo humboldti (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam); Bufo merianae (Amazonia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam); Bufo sp. n. (Panama). (AU) | |