Relotronship between rhythm and antimalarial action in malaria injection of rodents

Author(s)

Piero Bagnaresi

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB)
• Defense date: 2009-04-17

Examining board members

Celia Regina da Silva Garcia; Debora Rejane Fior Chadi; Alejandro Miguel Katzin; Soraya Soubhi Smaili; Maria Aparecida Visconti

• Advisor: Celia Regina da Silva Garcia

Abstract

Malaria is the most killing parasitic disease in the world. Half of the world population is at risk of contracting the disease, which kills over 1 million people, being children under 5 the most affected. The fever periodicity is the characteristic symptom of the disease. The fever is a result of the burst of the erythrocyte when the parasite leaves the host cell to infect other ones. This event is highly synchronous, with the parasites going out of the cells at the same time. For this to happen, the cellular events that are necessary for parasite growth have to be very well regulated. The circadian hormone melatonin is the signal that synchronizes the intraerythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium. In this work, we report that this synchrony, observed in the majority of the parasites species, could be used as a way to evade the immune system, assuring the continuity of the infection. When we disrupt this synchrony with luzindole, a melatonin antagonist, we observe that a suboptimal dose of the antimalarial chloroquine increases the survival of the infected mice. We also report that P. berghei, rodent parasite that possess and unsynchronized infection, cant perceive the hormone. Unlike what is observed in species that have a synchronous infection, melatonin fail to induce intracellular calcium increase or promote cell cycle synchronization in vitro. Here we also report the construction of knockout vector for Plasmodium, to be used to investigate the functions of the target genes by phenotype analysis. (AU)