Immune response of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus: investigation of reactive oxygen species production by hemocytes.

Author(s)

Lourivaldo dos Santos Pereira

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB/SDI)
• Defense date: 2000-07-21

Examining board members

Sirlei Daffre; Ligia Ferreira Gomes; Michel Pinkus Rabinovitch

• Advisor: Sirlei Daffre

Abstract

The phagocytic activity and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during immune response of some hemocytes of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus were evaluated in this study. The ROS production was evaluated by luminol amplified luminescence, phenol red oxidation, dyhydrorhodamine (DHR) fluorescence microscopy and fluorimetry. The luminol-amplified luminescence increased when hemocytes were incubated with bacteria (Micrococcus luteus) or zymosam or phorbol 12-miristate 13 acetate (PMA). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), antioxidant enzymes that removes superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, inhibited this luminescence. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not elicit luminescence of hemocytes in relation to controls. The catalase-inhibittable phenol red oxidation assay also showed an increase in the level of hydrogen peroxide produced by hemocytes stimulated with PMA or Micrococcus luteus. LPS did not stimulate the hemocytes, similarly to the observed by luminescence assay's. We also evaluated ROS production by fluorescence microscopy and we found approximately 25% more fluorescent hemocytes when zymosam was used. This fluorescence was inhibited by catalase. In DHR fluorimetry assay we observed an increase in the intensity of fluorescence in PMA stimulated hemocytes. This fluorescence was inhibited by cystein, a reducing agent that removes hydrogen peroxide and peroxinitrite. We conclude that hemocytes of the tick, like other invertebrate such as mollusks, crustaceans and insects and vertebrate, produce reactive oxygen species during the immune response. This is the first report of reactive oxygen species production by arachnid hemocytes. (AU)