Theoretical studies of teh dynamical evolution of gold nanowires with and without impurities

Author(s)

Edwin Hobi Junior

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física (IF/SBI)
• Defense date: 2009-04-03

Examining board members

Antonio Jose Roque da Silva; Marilia Junqueira Caldas; Sylvio Roberto Accioly Canuto; Varlei Rodrigues; Marcio Teixeira do Nascimento Varella

• Advisor: Antonio Jose Roque da Silva

Abstract

The understanding and control of the properties of nanostructured materials as a function of their length, shape and composition, for example, is fundamental to improve the so called nanotechnology. Gold nanowires, in particular, are interesting since they not only allow the investigation of the properties of low-dimensional systems, but have also been thought of as candidates for nanometric interconnection elements. Temperature effects in the stability of pure, H or C doped atomically thin gold nanowires were systematically investigated with ab initio Molecular Dynamics simulations at temperature of 300 K. The results showed that the systems are stable for long time simulations (20 ps), and within the present hypothesis, the hydrogen is the best candidate to explain the large Au-Au distances of order of 3.6 ºA that are experimentally observed. Questions about the nanowires rupture, such as the understanding of the physical mechanism involved, the role of the thermal fluctuations and the effect of impurities, are discussed in accordance with a model of triplet of atoms and the statistical results obtained from the molecular dynamics simulations. The triplets model allowed the understanding of the rupture through instabilities observed in the potential energy surface profile when the bonds are su±ciently stressed. Thermal fluctuations would be responsible to lead to these unstable distances. Additionally, this model was able to explain facts such as why the rupture never occurred at Au-X bonds (X=H,C), and the higher probability that a nanowire with H or C impurity has to break on the Au-Au bond more distant from impurity. The study of temperature effects was extended to 106T6500 K. Nanowires with other length chains (3, 4 or 6 atoms) at temperature of 300 K were also studied. In general, the results showed that the effect of temperature is basically to increase the amplitude of the fluctuations, however, it does not modify the average interatomic distances of the chain. A statistical study also allowed to understand the behavior of these fluctuations, which scale with the square root of the temperature. An important aspect of the simulations involving hydrogen atoms is associated with quantum effects that are not taken into account. According to the molecular dynamics results, the transversal vibration of the H atom provided an instability to the system, that supposedly would be produced by an inappropriate treatment, since these degrees of freedom would be inappropriately excited. So, a methodology was proposed where the vibrational motion of the H is replaced by an \\adiabatic\" motion, with the hydrogen following (quasi) instantaneously the slower motion of the remainder system, being positioned at the local minimum of the potential. In this picture, this methodology would be more realistic than the conventional dynamics, allowing to obtain more reliable results. The Au-H-Au distance increased in this approximation, being in good agreement with the Au-Au distances measured experimentally in monoatomic chains, of the order of 3.6 ºA. (AU)