The role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in vascular smooth muscle cell migration: possible interaction with Nox1 NADPH oxidase and RhoGTPases

Author(s)

Luciana Pescatore Alves

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD)
• Defense date: 2012-02-03

Examining board members

Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo; Wagner Luiz Batista; Roger Chammas; Fábio Luís Forti; Hervé Kovacic

• Advisor: Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo

Abstract

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell (VSMC) migration into vessel neointima is a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and post-injury restenosis. NADPH oxidase-derived oxidants synergize with growth factors to support VSMC migration. We described interaction between NADPH oxidases and the endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in many cell types. However, physiological implications as well as mechanisms of such association are yet unclear. The aim of the present work was to investigate, througth experiments of gain or loss of PDI function, the importance of PDI in VSMC migration associated to NADPH oxidase. The specific aims were: i) to evaluate effects of PDI silencing or PDI overexpression in VSMC migration in vitro; ii) to evaluate effects of PDI silencing on PDGF-induced NADPH oxidase isoform expression and ROS production; iii) to evaluate the involvement of RhoGTPases on NADPH oxidase regulation by PDI. We show here that PDGF promoted subcellular redistribution of PDI concomitant to ROS production and that siRNA-mediated PDI silencing inhibited such ROS production, while near-totally suppressing the increase in Nox1 expression, with no change in Nox4. Furthermore, PDI silencing inhibited PDGF-induced VSMC migration assessed by distinct methods, while PDI overexpression increased spontaneous basal VSMC migration. To address possible mechanisms of PDI effects, we searched for PDI interactome by PPPI networks, which indicated convergence with small GTPases and their regulator RhoGDI. PDI silencing decreased PDGF-induced Rac1 and RhoA activities, without change in their expression. PDI displayed small detectable points of perinuclear co-localization with Rac1 and co-immunoprecipitated with Rac1 and RhoA in a PDGF-independent way. Moreover, there was PDI association with RhoGDI at baseline (confocal and co-immunoprecipitation), decreased after PDGF. Of note, PDI silencing promoted strong cytoskeletal changes: branched stress fiber disorganization, markedly decreased number of focal adhesions and reduced number of RhoGDI-containing vesicular recycling adhesion structures. Overall, these data suggest that PDI is required to support redox and GTPase-dependent VSMC migration. Moreover, RhoGTPases are a potential upstream target mediating the convergence between PDI and NADPH oxidase (AU)