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| Author(s): |
Eduardo Gonçalves Ciapina
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2010-03-10 |
| Examining board members: |
Ernesto Rafael Gonzalez;
Auro Atsushi Tanaka;
Laudemir Carlos Varanda;
Daniela Zanchet
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| Advisor: | Ernesto Rafael Gonzalez |
| Abstract | |
This work describes a study of carbon monoxide monolayer electrochemical oxidation (CO stripping) on unsupported electrocatalysts as well as the influence of the support on the structural and electrochemical properties of the supported electrocatalysts. The materials studied comprised unsupported platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, Pt nanoparticles supported on high surface area carbon (Pt/C), and Pt nanoparticles supported on ruthenium oxide (Pt/RuO2) and on tin oxide (Pt/SnO2). All materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The results for two samples of unsupported Pt nanoparticles revealed the materials are formed by agglomerates of Pt nanoparticles of about 10 nm with slight differences between the samples, and the CO stripping electrochemical oxidation in 0.1 mol L-1 HClO4 showed multiple oxidation peaks in both potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions. It was demonstrated that potentiodynamic CO stripping can give evidences about the particle size, in which larger particles present smaller overpotentials for the reaction. From potentiostatic CO electro-oxidation, aided by a mathematical model of the reaction, it was found the reaction rate constant for each process and its behavior as a function of the potential revealed differences between the two samples, also suggesting differences in the mechanism of the reaction or in the adsorption isotherm for the involved species. In the case of the supported electrocatalysts Pt/C, Pt/SnO2, and Pt/RuO2, the support seems to influence in the structural and electronic properties, as probed by XAS experiments, as well as to participate as a co-catalyst in the CO oxidation, as in the case of Pt/SnO2 and Pt/RuO2, once they presented lower overpotentials for CO oxidation if compared to Pt/C. This fact was also confirmed by studies using mixtures of unsupported Pt nanoparticles and the different supports described, in which the system Pt + RuO2 presented the lowest overpotential for the reaction. From a comparative point of view, ethanol electrochemical oxidation was also investigated on the different prepared materials and the results showed that RuO2 and SnO2 as the catalyst supports increase the current density at a given potential in the potential step experiments. (AU) | |