Structural studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PelD protein: a receptor c-di-GMP responsible for the production of exopolysaccharides and biofilm formation

Author(s)

Sumária Sousa e Silva

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Carlos.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC/BT)
• Defense date: 2013-02-06

Examining board members

Marcos Vicente de Albuquerque Salles Navarro; Maria Cristina Nonato Costa; Frederico José Gueiros Filho

• Advisor: Marcos Vicente de Albuquerque Salles Navarro

Abstract

Microorganisms may be presented either in planktonic free-swimming life-style or adhered to surfaces, forming a complex and dynamic community known as biofilm. In recent years, with the progress of research at the molecular level, it was identified that the majority of bacteria use guanosine monophosphate (3\'-5 \')-cyclic dimeric (c-di-GMP) as a second messenger. Generally, this molecule controls the cell signaling, virulence, communication between cells and expression of proteins related to the phenotype of biofilms in response to its intracellular concentration. Its synthesis and degradation are controlled respectively by diguanylate cyclases (DGC) containing the GGDEF domain and phosphodiesterases (PDE) with the domains EAL or HD-GYP. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) a novel class of receptor specific for c-di-GMP has been identified, the transmembrane protein PelD, which contains a GAF and degenerate GGDEF domains in the cytoplasmic portion. Its modulation through this dinucleotide controls the production of exopolysaccharides by the components of the conserved operon pel and directly influences the ability of biofilm formation. Due to the paucity of data about the molecular events of the signaling mechanism mediated by c-di-GMP, this study aimed to characterize biophysically and structurally the protein PelD. Various soluble constructions of PelD were cloned and expressed, and the construction comprising the residues 176-455 (PelD176-455) was successfully crystallized and its structure was determined by iodine-SAD. The final model showed the two characteristic domains of families GAF and GGDEF, and the inter-domain interface composed primarily of hydrophobic residues. Seeking an understanding of the molecular basis of recognition and activation of PelD by c-di-GMP, a structure in complex with the ligand was solved. As expected, the dinucleotide was found at the inhibitory site of the GGDEF domain, where the motif R367xxD370 and the residue R402 are responsible for most of the interactions with c-di-GMP. However, no major structural change was observed between the apo and holo forms of PelD, unlike other effector systems such as LapD and domains PilZ. Interestingly, only one molecule of c-di-GMP was present on the site, in contrast to the dimeric intercalated form normally found at I-sites GGDEF domains, such as PleD and in WspR. ITC studies confirmed the 1:1 stoichiometry in solution. This shows the versatility of the various receptors identified so far, compared to the binding of dinucleotide. Bioinformatics studies have identified a potential coiled-coil region in the juxtamembrane helix of PelD, residues 115-160, probably responsible for homodimerization. Aiming at an experimental confirmation of this hypothesis, a construct containing the full cytoplasmic portion, PelD111-455 was expressed and purified. Comparative studies of circular dichroism and analytical ultracentrifugation between constructs PelD176-455 and PelD111-455 indeed demonstrated that the extra residues present in PelD111-455 form an α-helix and are responsible for dimerization of the cytoplasmic portion of the protein. Overall, the results presented here not only contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of signaling pathways mediated by c-di-GMP as in the long run, may lead to the development of agents against bacterial infections. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 10/13795-3 - Structural analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PelD: a c-di-GMP receptor involved in exopolysaccharides biosynthesis and biofilm formation
• Grantee: Sumária Sousa e Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master