Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of azopolymers with controlled chain-length and chromophores position

Author(s)

Felippe José Pavinatto

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Carlos.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC/BT)
• Defense date: 2006-03-08

Examining board members

Osvaldo Novais de Oliveira Junior; Elisabete Frollini; Maria Elisabete Darbello Zaniquelli

• Advisor: Osvaldo Novais de Oliveira Junior

Abstract

Azopolymers display photoisomerization properties, which can be exploited in optical memories, and depend strongly on the molecular architecture of the polymer chain and kind of film employed. In this work, azopolymers with controlled molecular architecture were synthesized using the azomonomers [4-(N-ethyl-N-2(methacryloxyethyl))amino-2\'-chloro-4\'-nitroazobenzene](DR13MA)and[4-(N-ethyl-N-2-(methacryloxyethyl))aminoazobenzene] (MAEAMA). Two methods were used to synthesize homopolymers and block-copolymers: NMRP - Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization and ATRP - Atom transfer radical polymerization. Diblock-copolymers were produced, with one block composed by azodyes units, by reacting the monomer DR13MA with a polystyrene (PS) macroinitiator via NMRP, or with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macroinitiator via ATRP. Homopolymers of both azomonomers were synthesized by ATRP, and - analogously to the blockcopolymers - exhibited controlled structure with a small polydispersity. The synthesized polymers were then used in the formation of Langmuir films at the air-water interface, which could be transferred onto solid substrates forming Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. In Langmuir films, an investigation was made of the conformation and interactions (aggregation) of the film-forming molecules. Interestingly, a plateau was observed at 8 mN/m in the surface pressure isotherm for the HPMAEA homopolymer, pointing to a reorganization of the polymer during compression. For HPDR13 produced by ATRP, it was possible to deposit LB films with no need to use surfactants, unlike the case of HPDR13 synthesized by conventional methods. Optical storage measurements were performed to demonstrate the applicability of the azo-containing materials in optical memories. For the terpolymer PS-b-[MMA-co-DR13] made by NMRP, the storage results were similar to those obtained with blends. In the case of the homopolymer HPMAEA, a large influence of the kind of film used (cast or LB) was observed in the writing time of the memories, with the writing time for the LB film being 26 times faster. PMMA-b-DR13 block-copolymers may be advantageous in combining the optical properties of the homopolymer HPDR13 with the thermal and mechanical stability of PMMA. (AU)