Estimates of genetic parameters and diallel analysis of wheat crossings (Triticum aestivum L.) with cultivar BH-1146 and irradiated strains

Author(s)

Mary Túlia Vargas Lobato

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/STB)
• Defense date: 2010-07-29

Examining board members

Augusto Tulmann Neto; Jose Roberto Moro; Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto Paterniani; Carlos Eduardo Pulcinelli; Walter Jose Siqueira

• Advisor: Augusto Tulmann Neto; Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira Camargo

Abstract

Diallel crossing was made with four wheat genotypes: BH-1146, Anahuac M-1, IAC-287/IAC-24 M-1 and MONS/ALDS// IAC-24 M-3, bearing agronomically contrasting characteristics, to evaluate the potential of segregating populations of wheat obtained from parents bearing contrasting agronomic characteristics for primary root length, grain yield and agronomic characteristics; to estimate the herdability, in the broad and narrow senses, for F2 obtained populations in addition to the association of the traits under study; to confirm the more promising parents for use in wheat improvement programs and to estimate the general and specific combining abilities of wheat genotypes. Hybrid were obtained in F1 and F2 generation of RC1 and RC2 backcrossing, which were evaluated for their root length in nutrient solution, according to Camargos and Ferreira Filhos method (2005a). After root measuring, plantules were transplanted to screens of the IAC Center for Grain and Fibers in blocks at random, with 28 treatments (4 parents, the 6 F1s, the 6 F2s, the 6 RC1s and the 6 RC2s), with 6 repetitions. Characteristics such as primary root length, plant length, and spike length, number of spikelet per spike, grains per spike, grains per spikelet, 100 grain weight, length of the rachis internode heigth, number of spike per plant, grain yield per plant and flowering were evaluated. The Griffing Model (1956) was used for the diallel analysis. Herdability estimates were obtained. The herdability estimates in the broad sense for the six crossings were high for plant height in all of them; moderate, in most of the crossings for root growth, spike heigth, number of spikes per plant and grain per spike, grain yield per plant and flowering; were moderate to high for rachis internode height and the number of spikelet per spike and moderate to low for 100 grain weight per spikelet. These values indicated that a large part of the variability found was of genetic origin. Herdability estimates in the narrow sense showed large variability in magnitude in the different crossings for the studied traits. P1/P4 crossing with different parents showed high herdability in the narrow sense. High herdability values in the narrow sense were estimated for plant heigth in all crossings, indicating that the selection will be effective for the first segregating generations. Phenotype correlations showed a tendency for the selection of plants with larger heigth for the primary root being associated with a higher grain yield per plant and higher early flowering. BH-1146 proved to be a genetic source of tolerance to drought in the initial stage of the wheat breeding. Diallel analysis confirm the results of experiments with genotypes, showing high values in the combining ability of P4 genotypes as being the source of reduction of plant heigth, and P1 as source of the increase in root length; P1 and P2 were found with high values of gi for the production of grain. CEC and CGC, showed the action of genes of major aditive effects and prevalence of the traits studies (AU)