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| Author(s): |
Paulo Alexandre de Toledo Alves
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/STB) |
| Defense date: | 2012-04-27 |
| Examining board members: |
Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo;
Robson Rólland Monticelli Barizon;
Arquimedes Lavorenti
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| Advisor: | Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo |
| Abstract | |
Of all plagues that impact sugarcane production, weeds represent the largest group, indicating the sector of herbicides as the largest growing market among the pesticides. The emergence of resistant weeds and the intention to improve their control have led farmers to mix pesticides in tank for application, a technique not stated in Brazilian law that generates discussion at national level. The tank mixtures may promotes cost savings during applications, but little is known whether this association of molecules has a synergistic or antagonistic effect for the individual pesticides behavior in the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the herbicides glyphosate and ametryn applied in association in an Ultisol (PV) soil from sugarcane cultivation. For this, were set 3 experiments, conducted according the OECD guidelines for testing chemicals: 307 (aerobic transformation in soils), 217 (microorganisms and carbon transformation) and 106 (sorption/desorption in soils). The doses of herbicides for all tests were set according to the maximum doses at field conditions, being 2,88 Kg a.i ha-1 for glyphosate and 3 Kg a.i ha-1 for ametryn. The testes of biodegradation and sorption/desorption were performed using ametryn and glyphosate 14C radiolabeled, and for the mix treatment were used the radiolabeled herbicide plus the other herbicide not radiolabeled. The test of carbon transformation by microorganisms was performed with non-radiolabeled herbicides and 14C-glucose. The biodegradation experiment showed results of mineralization half-life in soil (t1/2) of 55 and 119 days for glyphosate and glyphosate plus ametryn respectively. Ametryn showed a t1/2 of 180 days when applied alone in the soil, increasing to 243 days when mixed with glyphosate. for the DT50 (half-life in soil), the ametryn without glyphosate showed a DT50 of 20 days, and this half-life decreased to 15 days for the ametryn with glyphosate. It was not possible to determinate the DT50 on the extractable portion of glyphosate radiolabeled experiments. In the carbon transformation experiment the results for ametryn alone evidenced adverse effects at lower doses, softened when mixing it with glyphosate. On the other hand, glyphosate stimulated the microorganism\'s activity when applied without ametryn, and when mixed showed a small decrease in the activity rate. The sorption of glyphosate demonstrated high values for Koc coefficient, being smoothly bigger in the treatment of glyphosate mixed with ametryn. Regarding ametryn, its sorption showed lower levels of Koc, but when applied in association to glyphosate the rate increased significantly. The glyphosate desorption was little, and mixing it with ametryn didn\'t show differences. On the other hand, the ametryn desorption was lower at the treatment with glyphosate mixed. The main conclusion of this study is that the association of herbicides ametryn and glyphosate has influence on the individual behavior of the molecules on Ultisol soil, but positively for ametryn and negligible for glyphosate. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/13357-9 - Behavior of ametryne and glyphosate herbicides applied in association in soils of cultivation of sugar cane |
| Grantee: | Paulo Alexandre de Toledo Alves |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |