Full text
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| Author(s): |
Luiz Felipe Pellegrini
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Politécnica (EP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2008-12-18 |
| Examining board members: |
Silvio de Oliveira Júnior;
Edson Bazzo;
Manuel Ernani de Carvalho Cruz;
Silvia Azucena Nebra de Pérez;
Otavio de Mattos Silvares
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| Advisor: | Silvio de Oliveira Júnior |
| Abstract | |
This thesis aims at obtaining optimal configurations of cogeneration systems for sugarcane mills, analyzing its impacts on the production of sugar, ethanol and electricity. In this sense, it is proposed the assessment of the rational use of energy inside the mill, using exergy and thermoeconomic analysis as evaluation tools of each alternative based on different criteria: thermodynamics, economics and finance, and environmental impacts. After a brief discussion regarding the different energy conversion processes used in sugarcane mill, an exergy analysis is developed in order to identify the main sources of irreversibilities, and also to propose alternatives to improve the thermo-economic-environmental performance of the mill. The cogeneration system is shown to be the process which generates more entropy among all; hence different configurations are developed, including changes in the sugar and ethanol production processes. These modifications include: higher steam temperature and pressure in the boiler, better thermal integration among the processes, electrification of the milling system, and the use of more advanced cogeneration systems, considering supercritical steam systems and biomass integrated gasification combined cycles. For the evaluation the impact of these configurations on the thermodynamic performance of the mill, it is used the exergybased cost. It is shown that the higher the generation of excess electricity is, the better is the thermodynamic performance of the mill. Advanced cogeneration systems are able to generate much more electricity than conventional ones. This means a better profitability of those, increasing the importance of electricity for the profit of the mill. Economical feasibility analyses show that the best option for power generation in conventional cogeneration systems is with steam temperature of 480°C and pressure of 67 bar, while electrification of mills are only interesting if there is a need of replacement the turbines due to increasing capacities or end of lifetime. Supercritical steam system is more economic attractive than combined cycles based on atmospheric gasification. Finally, a discussion on the renewability of processes is made based on an exergy index of renewability. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 03/12094-8 - Thermal-economic-environmental analysis of configurations of utilities plants in sugar and alcohol factories |
| Grantee: | Luiz Felipe Pellegrini |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct) |