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| Author(s): |
Luciana Mattoso Pires de Campos Araujo
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-02-07 |
| Examining board members: |
Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez;
Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres;
Nereide Stela Santos Magalhães;
Valtencir Zucolotto
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| Advisor: | Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez |
| Abstract | |
Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is a photodynamic active drug that is not topically administered due to its high lipophilicity and consequent low penetration in deep skin layers. The aim of this work is to study the influence of different types of polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) in PpIX solubility, skin and cell penetration to enhance topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). The solubility studies of PpIX in the presence of PAMAM dendrimers G4, G4.5 and G4-OH demonstrated that the G4.5 solubilized the greatest amount of PpIX, followed by PAMAM G4-OH> PAMAM G4> HEPES buffer. Solubility studies showed that the PpIX in the presence of PAMAM dendrimers G-4.5 and G4-OH presented solubility diagrams of BS type, and BI type in the presence of PAMAM G4. Studies of scanning UV-VIS and fluorescence indicated the presence of aggregates mainly in PpIX-PAMAM G-4.5 solution. The PpIX-PAMAM G4-OH complexes showed a mean size of 13.2 nm and zeta potential of -3.41; the complexes with PAMAM dendrimer G-4.5 had a bi-dispersed population, with sizes of 31 and 391 nm and a zeta potential of -17.3. The analysis of DSC and Fourier transform infrared Fourier showed changes in the characteristics of PpIX when it was complexed with the dendrimers. Passive skin permeation and retention studies with the complexes containing 0.006 mg/ml PpIX had not increased PpIX penetration, however, the complexation allowed greater amounts of PpIX to become available in the donor solution, and experiments with 1 mg/mL of PpIX increased significantly the penetration of the drug. Moreover, dendrimer PAMAM G4-OH seemed to act as a penetration enhancer. Iontophoresis did not increase skin penetration of PpIX compared to passive studies when the PpIX-PAMAM G4.5 was studied, likely because the electric current increased PpIX release from the complexes, forming aggregates large enough to not penetrate through the skin. On the other hand, anodic iontophoresis increased significantly the penetration of the PpIX-PAMAM G4-OH by eletrosmosis, spreading the drug to deep skins layers, also reaching the receiver solution. Studies in cell culture confirmed the ability of dendrimers to increase the penetration of PpIX through the membrane. The complexation improved the distribution of PpIX within the cells and significantly increased photocytotoxic of the porphyrin. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 06/03575-0 - Dendrimers as topical drug delivery systems for ALA and PpIX in the photodynamic therapy of skin cancer |
| Grantee: | Luciana Mattoso Pires de Campos Araújo |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |