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| Author(s): |
Mariza Abreu Miranda
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2010-11-03 |
| Examining board members: |
Jairo Kenupp Bastos;
James Dewey Mcchesney;
Ana Patricia Yatsuda Natsui
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| Advisor: | Jairo Kenupp Bastos |
| Abstract | |
The Brazilian Solanaceae plant, Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. is distributed in the Southeast and Middle West of the country. The fruit of this plant is popularly known as fruta do lobo (wolf-fruit). The intake of these fruits prevents renal parasitism (Dioctophyna renale) which affects wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). These fruits contain two major alkaloid heterosides (solamargine (SM) and solasonine (SS)) bearing both the same aglycone, solasodine (SD). Among the parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis stand out in terms of socioeconomic and public health importance in tropical and subtropical areas. Its extremely important to search for new drugs to treat these and other neglected diseases. The present work reports the obtainment of the alkaloidic extract (AE) of the S. lycocarpum fruit, the isolation of the major alkaloid heterosides and to obtain the aglycone. The obtained samples were evaluated for the in vitro leishmanicidal, strongyloicidal and schistosomicidal activities. Also, the schistosomicidal activity of the AE was evaluated in an animal model. The AE was obtained from dried and grounded fruits by using acid-base extraction. SM and SS were isolated either by preparative thin layer chromatography or by flash chromatography. SD was obtained by acid hydrolyses of the AE, and it was purified by silica gel column chromatography using gradient elution. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by analysis of NMR and mass spectrometry. The analysis of the obtained results for the biological evaluation showed that the AE displays leishmanicidal, strongyloicidal and schistosomicidal activities. The isolated compounds, SM, SS and their equimolar mix were actived against L. amazonensis. These compounds also were able to reduce the mobility, to separate the worm into male and female, to modify the tegumental and to cause the death of the adults worms besides reducing the development of eggs. The SD was inactive against L. amazonensis and S. mansoni adult worms. When AE was evaluated in vivo showed activity as schistosomicidal, decreasing the number of eggs and granulomas in the liver of the treated mice. (AU) | |