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| Author(s): |
Acácio Pinto da Silveira Neto
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2011-10-07 |
| Examining board members: |
Ana Claudia Latrônico Xavier;
Gil Guerra Júnior;
Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
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| Advisor: | Ana Claudia Latrônico Xavier |
| Abstract | |
Puberty is a complex biological process of sexual development that begins in the late childhood and it is characterized by the maturation of the hipothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, secondary sexual characteristics development, growth acceleration and acquisition of the reproductive capacity. Over the last years, the kisspeptin peptide and its receptor KISS1R have been envolved in the regulation of the pulsatile hipothalamic GnRH secretion and consequently with the beginning of the puberty human. Researchers from our laboratory identified mutations in the KISS1R and KISS1 genes in Brazilian children with central precocious puberty (CPP). Studies performed in families and twins estimated that 50%-70% of the variation in the menarce age can be hereditary, however, until last years, we did not have knowledgment of the influence of commun genetic variants in the puberty time. Recently, four independent Genome-Wide Association Studies established that genetic markers near or inside of LIN28B gene were related with the menarce age in normal women. Furthermore, recessive mutations in the LIN28B gene caused a precocious develpment in C. elegans. Interestingly, mouse that overexpress Lin28a exhibited a sexual development delay. Accordingly with these datas investigated the presence of known or new variants in the KISS1, KISS1R and LIN28B genes in a larger cohort of children with CPP to establish the prevalence of these mutations in the etiology of premature sexual development in humans. 107 children with CPP (101 girls and 6 boys) were selected, including sporadic and familial cases. The control population consisted of 200 adults with normal pubertal development. The promoter region and the three exons of KISS1 gene, five exons of KISS1R and four exons of LIN28B were amplified and automatically sequenced. A homozygous variant previously described by researchers from our laboratory in the KISS1 gene, p.H90D, was identified in more 3 no related children with CPP idiophatic. This variant is located in exon 3 of KISS1, resulting in substitution of a histidine to an aspartic acid at position 90 of kisspeptin-1 (p.H90D), in the amino-terminal region of the protein-54 and was absent in 200 Brazilian controls. Previous studies in vitro with the p.H90D variant did not show alterations in the binding or activation capacity and in the resistance to degradation. The activating mutations p.R386P of the KISS1R and p.P74S of the kisspeptin, previously described in central precocious puberty, were not identified in the present study. A new and rare heterozygous variant in the LIN28B gene, p.H199R, was identified in a Brazilian girl with CPP idiophatic. This variant is located in exon 4 of the LIN28B, resulting in substitution of a histidine to an arginine at position 199 of protein (p.H199R) and was absent in 200 Brazilian controls. Her father, which had normal pubertal development, carried the same heterozygous variant. Studies in vitro revealed p.H199R did not affect the function of Lin28B in the regulation of let-7 miRNA expression. Another allelic variant in the LIN28B gene was identified in a girl with CPP. This variant was located in intron 2 of the gene and an in silico analysis showed that it does not change the splicing site in mature RNA. In conclusion, we observed that mutations in the KISS1 and KISS1R genes have a low prevalence in children with idiopathic central precocious puberty. We described a new and rare variant in LIN28B gene (p.H199R) in a girl with central precocious puberty and functional studies of the wild LIN28B or containing p.H199R variant suggested that p.H199R variant of the LIN28B is not related to the precocious puberty phenotype (AU) | |