Importance of the low molecular mass mediators in the wood biodegradation by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

Author(s)

Andre Aguiar Mendes

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Lorena.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL/ASDI)
• Defense date: 2008-06-19

Examining board members

André Luís Ferraz; Elba Pinto da Silva Bon; Renato Sanches Freire; Adriane Maria Ferreira Milagres; Adalberto Pessoa Junior

• Advisor: André Luís Ferraz

Abstract

The white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora degrades lignin selectively during the initial stages of wood colonization and in this way it has been one of the most studied species in biopulping. This process consists of a biological treatment of wood chips that precedes conventional pulping stages. To degrade lignin in the plant cell wall this fungus secretes the enzyme manganese-peroxidase (MnP), which needs oxalic acid to transport the Mn3+ ion formed in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. The oxalate-Mn3+ complex degrades only lignin phenolic portions. However, through lipid peroxidation intiated by Mn3+, free radicals are generated and they present enough oxidation potential to degrade nonphenolic lignin structures. With basis in these aspects, the present work evaluated the importance of these mediators of MnP, oxalic acid and lipids, in the degradative process either by their addition or suppression in wood-containing cultures. In cultivations with in natura wood or ethanol extracted wood (probably free of lipids) thre was no significant difference in the production of extracelular metabolites (enzymes, oxalic acid), or in the lignin degradation and the Fe3+-reducing activity (involved in the OH radicals generation by the Fenton´s reaction). The formation of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), that ii indicative of lipid peroxidation reactions, was also similar in both cultivations systems, demonstrating that even starting from extractives-free wood, these reactions can occur. With the progress of the biotreatment, the lignin was depolymerized through the decrease of ?-O-4 bonds, the contents of aliphatic and phenolic OH decreased, while carboxyl groups content increased. Although the cellulose degradation in wood has been low, holocellulose cards (free from lignin) added in these cultures were depolymerized. In the cultures where lipids were added (soy-bean oil), the enzyme production and lignin degradation were similar, while the oxalic acid and TBARS productions was stimulated by this co-substrate. With the highest concentration of soy-bean oil added (10,4 g/kg wood), the lignin in the residual wood presented the same content of ?-O-4 bonds as compared to the control, while higher degradation of aliphatic OH and lower formation of carboxyl groups were observed in these lignins. In another cycle of cultivations, Ca2+ ions were added to precipitate oxalic acid produced by the fungus. In the cultivations with the highest load of calcium (1400 mg/kg) there was a decrease in the oxalic acid formation and consequently an inhibition in the degradation of all the wood components. To the cultivations accomplished with exogenous oxalic acid, the fungus acted to equalize the concentration of free oxalic acid either by catabolism or by precipitation of this acid. For the highest loads of calcium, oxalic acid andsoy-bean oil, other cultivations were accomplished on 20 L-biorreactors to produce biotreated wood samples suitable for pulping experiments. The alkaline-sulfite chemitermomechanical pulping of these samples showed that the biotreated wood in Ca2+-ammended and nonsupplemented cultures were the ones that provided the highest benefits. On the other hand, the oxalic acid addition annulled the benefit originated from the biotreatment. The search for correlations among the levels of extracelular metabolites with the benefits of the biotreatment for the chemitermomechanical pulping did not present clear tendencies to indicate the relevance of a metabolite in special. On the contrary, probably there is a commitment among all of the extracellular activities, so that a certain benefit would be obtained. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 03/04465-6 - Importance of the low molecular mass mediators in the wood biodegradation by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora
• Grantee: André Aguiar Mendes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)