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Evaluation of Cyanobacteria Oil as Lipid Feedstock for Biodiesel Synthesis by Ethanol Route

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Author(s):
Patrícia Caroline Molgero da Rós
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Doctoral Thesis
Press: Lorena.
Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL/ASDI)
Defense date:
Examining board members:
Heizir Ferreira de Castro; Marli de Fatima Fiore; Júlio César dos Santos; Messias Borges Silva; Larissa de Freitas Teixeira
Advisor: Heizir Ferreira de Castro
Abstract

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the lipid extracted from cyanobacteria as feedstock source for the synthesis of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalysis and ethanol as acyl acceptor. Five cyanobacterial non-microcystin producer strains: Microcystis aeruginosa NPCD-1; Synechococcus sp. PCC7942; Chlorogloea CENA170; Leptolyngbya CENA104 and Trichormus sp. CENA77 were cultivated and evaluated taking into account the biomass productivity, lipid content and fatty acid composition. Results indicated that M. aeruginosa NPCD-1, Trichormus sp. CENA77 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 gave the best set of parameters and were selected for further characterization using analytical techniques, including: viscosimetry, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Following this, the cultivation conditions were studied and optimized using a factorial design, taking into consideration as independent variables light irradiance (50 to 150 ?mol m-2s-1) and concentration of Na2CO3 (0.5 to 1.5 g/L) as a carbon source. Cell productivity and lipid content were taking as response variables. For all strains, the most important factor was the light irradiance, since it presented a significant effect for all responses. Depend on the cyanobacteria strain, the concentration of Na2CO3 was found to have either positive or negative influence on the response variables. While for the M. aeruginosa NPCD-1 the presence of the Na2CO3 in the culture medium negative affected both cell productivity and lipid level, for the other strains high levels of Na2CO3 increase the lipid levels. After establishing the optimum cultivation conditions the experimental work was directed towards to perform the reaction of interest, using cyanobacterial feedstocks and two heterogeneous catalysts: chemical (niobium oxide impregnated with sodium) and biochemical (Novozym 435®). The dataset obtained demonstrated that the formation of ethyl esters from the feedstocks was feasible for the tested catalysts. Both catalysts were efficient in converting all fatty acids present in the feedstocks into the corresponding ethyl esters; however the chemical catalyst gave higher conversion than the biochemical one. The lower quality of the Trichormus sp. CENA77 feedstock strong affected the performance of the catalysts in a different way. While the chemical catalyst was sensitive to high acidity level verified in this microbial oil, the biocatalyst performance was influenced by the presence of pigments which was adsorbed on the biocatalyst matrix reducing its catalytic activity. Except for this oil, parameters such as cetane number, cold filter plugging point, saponification number and iodine value were estimated by theoretical models to predict the quality of biodiesel according to the specifications established by official standards. The results obtained in this study were promising and demonstrated the potential of using cyanobacteria as a feedstock source in the biodiesel synthesis. The lipid biomass from M. aeruginosa NPCD-1 and Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 originated biodiesel samples with appropriate characteristics to be used as fuel that are in accordance with specifications recommended by ANP. (AU)

FAPESP's process: 08/09440-5 - EVALUATION OF MICROALGAE OIL AS LIPID RAW MATERIAL FOR ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL BY ETHYL ROUTE
Grantee:Patricia Caroline Molgero da Rós
Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate