Development of animal models of growth hormone gene therapy using transduced keratinocytes and direct injection of naked DNA

Author(s)

Nélio Alessandro de Jesus Oliveira

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/BT)
• Defense date: 2010-12-03

Examining board members

Cibele Nunes Peroni; Paolo Bartolini; Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge; Carlos Magno da Costa Maranduba; Carlos Roberto Jorge Soares

• Advisor: Cibele Nunes Peroni

Abstract

Keratinocytes are very attractive cells for ex vivo gene transfer and systemic delivery, since proteins secreted by these cells may reach the circulation via a mechanism which mimics the natural process. In this study, retrovirally transduced keratinocytes with the mouse growth hormone (mGH) gene underwent a treatment for adhesion to collagen and clonal analysis, in order to enrich in stem cells the keratinocyte population. The main result was an in vitro increase of cell viability for treated keratinocytes, which should result in an increase of the in vivo sustainability of hormone secretion, when implanting organotypic cultures onto immunodeficient dwarf (lit/scid) mice. A model for in vivo gene therapy based on the electrotransfer of human growth hormone (hGH)-coding naked DNA in the exposed quadriceps muscle of dwarf (lit/lit) and immunodeficient dwarf (lit/scid) mice was also utilized. Electroporation conditions were optimized, setting up eight 50-V pulses of 20 ms at a 0.5 s interval, using a plasmid containing the ubiquitin C promoter and the genomic hGH sequence. Administration of a single dose of 50 g of this plasmid led, for the first time in the literature, to sustained levels of circulating hGH of the order of 1.5-3 ng/ml, up to 60 days. The DNA-treated animals presented a highly significant weight gain (P<0.001) of 33.1%, compared to a non-significant weight loss of 4.2% for the control group (saline injected mice + electroporation). The injected quadriceps muscles of the DNA-treated mice showed a 48% weight increase, when compared to the control group (P<0.001). Another electrotransfer study was carried out comparing the use of the genomic hGH sequence (gDNA) with the complementary sequence (cDNA), cloned under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. It was observed that hGH was more efficiently expressed in the circulation of lit/scid mice, for 21 days, when injecting cDNA. Lentiviral vectors containing the hGH (cDNA and gDNA) and the mGH (cDNA) genes were also constructed and will be used in a next study, both for the transduction of keratinocytes or for in vivo electrotransfer. Lentiviral vectors will in fact be necessary for future studies, considering their reduced toxicity when compared to retroviral vectors. The results of this work, as well as opening perspectives of new studies, will establish in the near future conditions for gene therapy as a feasible and safe option for the treatment of GH deficiency and other systemic diseases. (AU)