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| Author(s): |
Ana Durvalina Bomtorin
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2013-04-12 |
| Examining board members: |
Zila Luz Paulino Simoes;
Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca;
Klaus Hartmann Hartfelder;
Tiago Campos Pereira;
Cláudio Roberto Simon
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| Advisor: | Zila Luz Paulino Simoes |
| Abstract | |
Along with differences in physiological and behavioral characteristics, workers and queens of Apis mellifera also differ in appendage morphology. Some appendage specializations in the hind legs of honeybee workers, which are highly specialized pollinators, deserve special attention. The hind tibia of the worker has an expanded bristle-free region used for carrying pollen and propolis, the corbicula. In queens, this structure is absent. Although these morphological differences have been well characterized, the genetic inputs triggering the development of this alternative morphology have remained unknown. Through microarray analysis, we detected 1,952 genes that are differentially expressed during worker versus queen hind leg development. The gene expression signatures of the two castes have similar patterns of genes controlling development. At the beginning of the last larval instar, Ultrabithorax (Ubx) activators are more strongly expressed than in prepupae and early pupae; at this time Ubx expression is approximately 25 times higher. Within the gene expression signature, we identified a cluster formed by genes in which Ubx, Twist and Zeste binding sites are over-represented. This cluster includes genes for which Drosophila orthologs are known to be bound by Ubx, as in the case of lola. We also tested the extent of Ubx mRNA processing during wing and leg development. Unexpectedly, we found Ubx alternative splicing in both workers and queens; there were two microexons (m1 and m2) encoding 42 nt and 53 nt, respectively, arguing against the hypothesis that alternative splicing occurs exclusively within the Diptera. Inclusion of the m2 exon inserts a stop codon upstream from the exon containing the homeodomain, producing a truncated protein. Moreover, these bee microexons conserve the nucleotides known to be important for alternative splicing in Drosophila. During bee wing development, Ubx mRNA isoforms are transcribed in similar amounts in both castes; however, during leg development, queens produce 60% of the Ubx levels transcribed by workers. Analysis of 3UTR usage during bee development revealed a microsatellite region transcribed within the Ubx 3UTR. The predicted secondary structure locations separated the coding region into three branches and the proximal and the distal 3UTR regions. Deep-sequencing analysis revealed that eight out of 51 miRNAs predicted to target the Ubx mRNA are more highly expressed in worker forewings and two are more expressed in the hindwings. Therefore, we conclude that Ubx differential expression is activated by transcription factors that bind to its promoter, by control of alternative splicing, and moreover by microRNAs differentially expressed according to tissue and caste, resulting in differential morphogenesis of the hind leg in honeybee females. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/05675-0 - Differential gene expression and induction of morphological characters in Apis mellifera |
| Grantee: | Ana Durvalina Bomtorin |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |