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| Author(s): |
Renato Igor da Silva Alves
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2013-08-30 |
| Examining board members: |
Susana Segura Muñoz;
José Luiz Negrão Mucci;
Martí Nadal;
Angela Maria Magosso Takayanagui
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| Advisor: | Susana Segura Muñoz |
| Abstract | |
The aim of the study was assess the quality of surface water and sediment of Pardo River, taking into account the seasonality and the relation among different parameters, and estimate the risk assessment to human health derived from exposure to metals. All measurements of limnological parameters were performed at the sampling time (in situ). Metals in surface water and sediment were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. The parasitological analysis was performed by the sedimentation method, and Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. by Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Water by Filtration/IMS/FA (USEPA 1623). Bacterial quantifications were carried out using the multiple tube technique with a defined substrate. The risk assessment to human health from exposure to metals was assessed under a residential scenario according to the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The techniques were performed at the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology (LEPA) at the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing in the University of São Paulo (USP), and the metals analysis at the Laboratorio de Salud Medio Ambiental y Toxicología of the Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Spain. Dissolved oxygen and pH showed higher values than those set by CONAMA Resolution No 357/2005, as well as bacteriological evaluation. The parasitological analysis showed the presence of Entamoeba coli, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hymenolepis diminuta, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. The levels of analyzed metals in surface water are in accordance to the Brazilian legislation (CONAMA No 357/2005). The results of sediments showed that all the metals had mean concentrations in accordance to brazilian legislation, but Cu and Cr presented in some points higher levels than those set by CONAMA No 344/2004 for level 1. The risk assessment to human health derived from exposure to metals indicated that the Pardo River can be a pathway of concern for human exposures to metals for non-carcinogens elements (As, Cd, Cr IV, Cu, Mn, Ni, Tl, Sn, V and Zn), while the values for carcinogenic (As) elements were in accordance to acceptable lifetime risks. PCA and HCA were applied in order to identify spatial and seasonal variations caused by natural and anthropogenic factors, in addition to associations among variables. The results suggest the quality of water and sediment from the Pardo River is affected by natural and anthropogenic factors, including the geology, mineralogy, rainfall and runoff, as well as growth of urban areas with a consequent population increases and industrialization processes. There is a clear trend of population and economic activities growth in the Pardo River area that makes the water of the Pardo River a strategic alternative for the future supply, which highlights the importance of this study (AU) | |