Molecules in clusters and in a liquid state

Author(s)

Eudes Eterno Fileti

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física (IF/SBI)
• Defense date: 2004-12-15

Examining board members

Sylvio Roberto Accioly Canuto; Marcos Antônio de Castro; Rogério Custódio; Jose Manuel Riveros Nigra; Antonio Jose Roque da Silva

• Advisor: Sylvio Roberto Accioly Canuto

Abstract

The changes of structural, electronic, optical and magnetic properties of molecules in clusters and in liquid phase are presented. For molecular clusters such properties were obtained using traditional and well defined quantum mechanics of initio methods in the minimum energy geometry - optimized configurations. The liquid phase is more complex and represents a current theoretical challenge. Conventional models for theoretical description of solvent effects, such as self-consistent reaction field and rigid cluster approximation, although widely applied do not satisfy important characteristics of the liquid phase such as the formation of hydrogen bonds and charge transfer are more difficult to include. More realistic models to treat the electronic structure of liquid systems include some sort of computer simulation. Among these the so-called QM/MM methods are successful hybrid models that uses both the classical simulation and quantum mechanics. There are now two main classes of QM/MM calculations. In the conventional QM/MM the system is partitioned into two regions (classical and quantum) and the interactions are calculated separated and simultaneously. In the sequential QM/MM, the configurations of the liquid are generated via classical simulations and subsequently the quantum calculations are performed. In this work the sequential methodology (Simulation/MQ) is used to study molecular systems in the liquid phase as aqueous solutions of pyridine and methanol and homogeneous liquid as water and benzene. Using Monte Carlo or Molecular Dynamics simulations liquid structures at room temperature are generated for subsequent quantum mechanics calculations. The results for the liquid are compared with those obtained for the isolated molecule and give a clear picture of the liquid effects. Among the properties studied in this thesis are interaction energies, dipole moments, vibrational frequencies, polarizabilities, magnetic shielding, chemical shift and optical properties of the Raman and Rayleigh scattering. (AU)