Full text
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| Author(s): |
Leonardo Hamachi
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2013-11-06 |
| Examining board members: |
Helenice Mercier;
José Pires de Lemos Filho
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| Advisor: | Helenice Mercier |
| Abstract | |
Guzmania monostachia is a species of heteroblastic bromeliad, in other words, whereas in the juvenile phase, it assumes the atmospheric form, in the adult, it acquires a structure called a tank, by which water and nutrients can be stored in moments of sporadic drought. It is also recognized through being C3-CAM facultative, thus inducible to CAM through environmental stimuli, such as the lack of water. In the young plants of other species capable of CAM expression, there are reports of preferential C3 photosynthesis expression in young tissues, leading to CAM expression on reaching maturity. In the Laboratory of Plant Development Physiology, studies were made of CAM induction in adult plants of the species G. monostachia during the lack of water at times of drought. It was noted that this bromeliad possessed leaves with distinct functional regions: whereas the basal portion was responsible for the absorption of both water and nutrients, the apical was mainly responsible for photosynthesis. Nonetheless, there was no available information on how ontogeny and morphological changes could influence competence for CAM expression throughout the whole leaf, as well as in the different parts. In order to characterize CAM in this species throughout ontogeny, selection was concentrated on plants in the three ontogenetic phases (Atmospheric, Tank-1 and Tank-2), as well as in the Tank-1 and Tank-2 phases by separating groups of leaves representing the three stages of development in the rosette, viz., Stage1 - the seven inner-most leaves, Stage2 - the next seven, and Stage3 - the seven located more at the base. By suspending irrigation, all the plants were submitted to 7 days without water, whereupon further material was collected from Tank-2 plants. The leaves thus obtained were first divided into groups representing the same three developmental phases as used in the preceding experiment, and then separated into basal and apical portions. Morphometric measurement was applied to the characterization of each ontogenetic phase. Tissue water content in the leaves was defined, and CAM detected through PEPC enzymatic assaying, MDH, and organic acid (citric and malic) quantification. Tank-2 plants presented more than double the capacity to store water, when compared to Tank-1 plants. Whereas atmospheric plants underwent the greatest leaf-water loss (around 50%), the loss was less in those with tanks (around 15%). Significant nocturnal malic acid accumulation in plants in all the ontogenetic phases, placed in evidence plant competency for CAM expression, independent of the stage of development. Likewise, significant malic acid accumulation in both young leaves and more mature ones indicated their capacity for CAM expression in the three stages of development chosen for the present study. Thus, in the experiments carried out, it can be presumed that the most important factor for CAM expression in G. monostachia plants is leaf-tissue water content, and not ontogeny. Atmospheric plants presented the highest water loss (around 50%), which was concomitant with CAM expression. On the other hand, in the apical regions of Tank-2 plants, there was a drop of 7% in water content with nocturnal malic acid accumulation in stage-1 leaves, and a loss of 12% in tissue water in those in stage 2 and 3, with the consequential CAM inhibition. There is every indication that water-transport in tank plants undergoing water-stress occurs from more mature leaves to those younger. Apparently the more active metabolism in young G. monostachia atmospheric plants, even under conditions inducing low leaf-tissue water content, indicates a certain degree of drought tolerance. On the contrary, although this capacity in tank plants appears to be less accentuated, the tank phase is apparently more related to strategies for avoiding the effects of drought (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/04963-2 - Expression of CAM photosynthesis in plants of Guzmania monostachia (Bromeliaceae) in diverses ontogenetic fases and leaves in different development stages |
| Grantee: | Leonardo Hamachi |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |