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| Author(s): |
Jessica Baleiro Okado
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2014-07-18 |
| Examining board members: |
Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha Camargo;
Fernando Bellissimo Rodrigues;
Sigrid de Sousa dos Santos
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| Advisor: | Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha Camargo |
| Abstract | |
It is estimated that 30 % of the world population is colonized by Staphylococcus aureus. Individuals with HIV/AIDS have a higher risk of colonization and infection caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), due to their compromised immune system, frequent use of antibiotics and hospital readmissions. Strains of MRSA emerged in the 60s, shortly after the introduction of methicillin. Such resistance is caused by acquisition of genes encoding modified penicillin binding proteins, mecA and mecC, contained in the mobile genetic element SCCmec (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome). This study aimed to characterize MRSA isolated from patients with HIV/AIDS, in the first and seventh day of hospitalization, and their health care professionals, at the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, in the period of April 2011 to May 2013. The objectives were to characterize phenotypic and genotypically MRSA isolates in order to observe if there was some lineage spread among patients or between these and related health professionals. MRSA isolates were characterized by susceptibility profile, SCCmec element typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). Pattern of hemolysis and the presence of the gene for production of Leukocidin Panton Valentine (PVL) were determined. Twenty patients were colonized on the first day of hospitalization, thirteen patients in a week and only three health care professionals were colonized during the study. SCCmecIV was the predominant element when samples considered duplicates were excluded. Large variety of MRSA clones was found in patients with 11 pulsotypes. ST239-SCCmecIII, related to Brazilian Endemic Clone (BEC), was isolated from patients on the first day of hospitalization, probably due to previous hospital admission. Professional P1 was colonized by MRSA isolate characterized as pulsotype E which persisted after treatment for decolonization. P1 was treated again and was observed with a pulsotype J isolate, which suggests being a different clone of the same lineage ST105-SCCmecII. Only one sample, from patient 5, showed high similarity (92.3 %) with this health professional isolate (P1). However, there was an interval of 10 months between the collections and there is no evidence of direct transmission from one person to another. Presence of the PVL gene was found in only two isolates. Three MRSA isolates were characterized as hVISA (heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediate S. aureus) and two of them were also intermediate resistant to teicoplanin. One isolate showed resistance to daptomycin in 48h incubation and heterogeneous population was detected. All isolates were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin, linezolid and tigecycline. We conclude that no spread of a particular strain was found among patients or between health care professionals and patients, and no relationship between duration of hospital stay and acquisition of a specific lineage was observed. However, some strains with resistance profiles very threatening, as hVISA and heteroresistant to daptomycin, were isolated and require attention and monitoring, with surveillance programs and use of safety practices and hygiene by health professionals. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/02152-2 - Epidemiological and molecular analysis of Methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from colonization of HIV positive patients from a health institution in Ribeirao Preto. |
| Grantee: | Jessica Baleiro Okado |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |