Abstract
Introduction: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is described as a functional type of AKI. However, studies using kidney tubular injury biomarkers (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) demonstrated that some degree of tubular damage occurs in patients with HRS. In fact, response rate to HRS treatment is 20 to 50% and the presence of severe tubular injury justifies absence of respons…