Abstract
The family Anostomidae has a wide Neotropical distribution and has 138 species distributed in 12 genera. The Anostomídeos occupy the major basins of South America. This family appears to be monophyletic. Several attempts to define the subfamilies were unsuccessful. Within the family Anostomidae, the genus Leporinus is the most specious (87 valid species). All species of the genus have the…